1. Heat energy is transferred from the heater coils to the water by conduction.
2. The particles near the coils get more energy and move around faster.
3. This means there's more distance between them, the water expands and becomes less dense.
4. This reduction in density means that the hotter water tends to rise above the denser, colder water.
5. As the hot water rises, it displaces(moves) the colder water out of the way making it sink.
6. This cold water is then heated by the coils and rises - and so it goes on. You end up with convection currents going up, roind and down, circulating the heat energy through the water.
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