Particle Theory

Kinetic energy is proportional to temperature

(Higher temp. -> more energy -> faster movement -> more collisions -> faster reaction)

Brownian Motion:

• In 1827, Brown noticed that pollen gains move when they have no energy.
• He concluded that bbigger particles can be moved by smaller particles colliding into them.

Temperature in Kelvins:

• 0oC = 273kelvins (K)
• 0K = absolute zero (the lowest possible temperature ever).
• degrees are proportional to kelvins
• 5oC = 278K

If converting from degrees to kelvins, add 273                                                                           If converting from kelvins to degrees, subtract 273

• As gas partiles move, they collide with each other and this exerts a force on the surface nd causes the gas particle to change direction.
•  In a sealed container, the pressure of the collisions on the inside of the container cause an outward pressure.
•  This pressure depends on how fast the particles are moving and how much energy they have.
• If you double the temperature insude this container, you double the pressure also.
• This same amount of gas in a bigger container will have a lower pressure because there are less collisions because of the size of the container. 

At a constant temperature, pressure x volume = constant  (p1V1 = p2V2)

At a constant volume, pressure / temperature = constant (p1/T1 = p2/T2)