Parliamentary Law-Making

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Parliament

Made up of:

  • House of Commons
  • House of Lords
  • The Queen

All 3 parts have to agree on a law in order to for it to be made and come into force

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Government

Responsible for day-to-day running of the country, drawn from MPs from largest party in House of Commons and smaller number of Lords

Head of the Government is the Prime Minister - who is assisted by senior ministes in the cabinet

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Law Commission

Full-time law reform body, independent of the Government, created by The Law Commission Act 1965. The Act gives the Commission its powers and duties.

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Codification

Bringing together all the law, both statutory and judge-made, into a new Act.

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Consolidation

Bringing all existing statutory laws into one new Act.

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The Media

The channels through which information is communicated to the public.

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Pressure Group

A group of people who campaign for reform of the law.

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House of Commons

One of the Houses of Parliament - most powerful House, members are democratically elected.

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Democracy

Actions are carried out by the elected Government in the name and on behalf of the electorate.

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House of Lords

One of the Houses of Parliament - Membership is appointed or hereditary.

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The Crown

King or Queen - also the Head of State. All laws passed by Parliament must be approved by the Crown before they come into force.

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Bill

A draft law to be debated in Parliament.

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Public Bill

A bill affectinf the general public.

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Government Bill

Bill introduced into Parliament by a government minister.

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Private Members' Bill

Public Bill introduced into Parliament by a backbench MP in the Commons or by a peer in the House of Lords.

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Private Bill

Bill affecting a particular individual or organisation or a specific locality.

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Parliamentary Acts 1911 and 1949

These limit the power of the House of Lords to delay or defeat proposed legislation.

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Parliamentary Sovereignty

Parliament is the supreme law-maker in the UK.

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European Union (EU)

Group of countries that have signed international treaties with the common purpose of creating an economic union.

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Treaty of Rome 1957

Founding Treaty of the European Economic Community now known as the European Union.

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European Communities Act (ECA) 1972

Act of Parliament that incorporates EU law into UK domestic law, effect of this Act is that Acts of Parliament are now subordinate to European Law.

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European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) 1950

International treaty signed by 47 European countries with the common purpose of protecting fundamental rights and freedoms of citizens.

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Human Rights Act (HRA) 1998

Act of Parliament that incorporates the European Convention of Human Rights into UK domestic law.

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Devolution

Statutory granting of certain powers from the Westminster Parliament to the Parliaments of Scotland and Wales.

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