Kobe Earthquake (MEDC) - Restless Earth

Causes:

• 7.2 richter scale, Philippeans plate under Eurasion plate (focus 16km below crust)

Primary effects:

• 5000 died
• 40,000 injured
• 300,000 homeless
• 102,000 buildings destroyed

Secondary effects:

• 2,000,000 homes with no electricity
• 1,000,000 no water for 10 days
• Damage $200 billion
• Damaged roads

Immediate responses:

• Free telephone calls by motorola
• Water, gas, electricity by July 1995
• Emegency services, when access available

Long-term responses:

• 80% of port working, year after
• Hanshin exspressway closed
• January 1999, 134,000 houses rebuilt
• New laws, to make structures earthquake proof
• Instruments to monitor earthquakes

Causes: Conservative margin between N.american plate and Caribbean plate.

Primary effects:

• 316,000 dead
• +1,000,000 homeless
• 280,000 buildings collapsed
• Rubble blocked transport

Secondary effects:

• 2011 still shift tempory homes
• Cholera killed 0ver 300 hundred children
• Storms+flodding destroyed camps
• 19 million cubic meters of rubble and debris over port -au - prince
• cost= $11.5bn 5-10 years

Immediate responses:

• Delays led to sporadic violence
• UK disasters emergency commite gave £100 million to support 1.2 million people
• Money raised = emergency shelter, medical kits, clean water, sanitation

Long-term responses:

• $300 million by EU
• World bank waived dept repayments for 5 years
• 23 major charities = $1.1 billion raised - only 2% released