Globalisation case studies

They are begining to have a more westernised diet away fromrice dominance.

This is due to global supermarket chaians and fast food moving to these places. 

These include

• Reduced rice 
• More  wheat 
• rise in calories 
• Incresed convience food

They aim to return a bigger proportion of revenue to producers even if market changes and this helps devolpment in poorer regions.

Starbucks in 2009 served its first fairtrade coffee as it claims that in doing this it improves quality of coffee, environment and improves families. 

Towns in the lake district like Keswick adopt this currency to encourgae people to spend in local businesses to impove local employment and economy. 

A deliberate choice of products produced under fairtrade,organic or cruelty free. 

M and S now only sell fairtrade teas/coffees as well as naturally dyed clothes to reduce CO2 emissions. 

Less waste has been sent to landfill in the UK which reduces rateat whichnew resources are. used up and improves circular economy. 

In 2013/14 the total waste managed was 25.6 million 

Chinas GDP has increased the fastest by 14X 

Every global region has increased GDP since 1980 

A new global elite of superrich has emerged, this inculdes in China where the richest 1% of people own 1/3 of chinas property.

Norway is 1st witha HDI of 0.949

Ethiopia is 174th with a HDI of 0.448 

40% of the Earths surface has been trabsformed into agricultural land which has led to habitat and biodiversity loss 

The UKs least equal city is Cambridge

• No localpride so leads to littering
• No more family housing as homes split up into different rooms.  
• Pressure on school systems 
• Bilungual officers needed inpolice, schools and doctors which costs 
• Increase in brothels and prostues
• Increased conjestion and pollution 

Chinas communist state is at risk from power loss from the spread of democratic ideas so enforces censorship of internet and published material. 

Themekong river flows for 4200km from China to the mouth in Vietnam. 

Since the 1990s a number of Dams have been built whichhave restricted water downstream for other regions and this is affecting industries which rely ont he river eg fishing communties 

for example the Xayaburi Dam in Laos.

To protect the frech culture it limits how much foreign/ american imports and cukture to 55%.This includes music, TV and films. 

Association of South east Asian nationsis a trading blo thathas 10 countries in inculding Thailand and Cambodia. 

There is a single market and production base which allows a free flow of goods, services and investment. This allows investors to increase there market potential. 

A trading block in Europe which works as a single market so there are no internal borders so people and goods move freely. 

NO member states can impose taxes on products to increase:

• Trade 
• Efficency 
• Raised quality 
• Cut prices 

Chinas open door policy was in 1978 

The UK Thatchers governmernt decisions were in the 1980s

In the 1970s China declared an open door policy to attract TNCs with cheap labour and relaxed safety standards. 

This led to China becomming a manufacturingsuper power haavinga 10% share in global trade. 

• Better education - 94% of over 15s are now literate compared to 20% in1950s. 
• Reduction in poverty - 300 million of chinease arre now middle class 
• Investment in infrastructure- 82 airports build since 2000 
• Incomes -Risen by 10% per. year since 2005

• Pollution - 70% of Chinas lakes are polluted and 1/3 of Chinas population breaathe in unfit. air
• Loss of productive land - Size of Belgium has been polluted has been polluted andnow is not usable 
• Increase in unplanned settlement- new hosuing prices in China rose by 5.3% in 2017 
• Land degradtion- 40% of laand is ssuffering from acidifcation 
• Overexplotiation of resources - 100 cities suffer from extreme shortages 
• Loss of biodiversity- Chinas terrestial vertebrates have declined by 50% since 1970 

The organsisation of pertroleum exporting countries is an intergovernemtal orgaanistaion that produces 40% of global oil and meet to influence oil prices

• Chinas economy has grown rapidly 
• It is now a WTO member 
• By 2005, 50% of chinease exports werefrom foreign countries in the special economic zones
• China now invests in overseas countries like South America

They have tailored there films and products in order to enter the economies of these places 

Eg Lion King at African markets, Mulan at chinease market, Lilo and stitch at hawaii 

Urban planning: 

• Shopping malls have appered in suburban locations 
• Disney themed fast food outlets and shops 
• Resort tourism with everything on site 

Governments:

• US governments enforces copyright for disney 
• French government paid $2billion for Eurodisney 

Media:

• It has several 24 hour TV channels in the EU, America and even switched off Cuba. 
• Owns shares in European, Brazillian commerical TV
• Film downloads

Frozen earned $2 billion alone. 

On forbes list of global brands in 2016 Disney was 11th

14 themeparks and a cruise line 

over 250 satellite and cable companies 

5 record labels

The globe container shipcontains 19'000 containers 

51% of worlds population have internet access

400 trains pass through the Euro tunnel each day

• Very mountanous so its hardto trade and transport. materials 
• A corrupt government 
• Its landlocked 
• Had bad political relations in the past 
• Poor infrastructure 
• Large amounts of debt

Lends money for devolpment but its main role is to maintain international financial stability. 

In return for loans it forces countries to privatise its assests to generate wealth.

They finance economic devolpment by using bank deposits by wealthy countries to provide loans for devolpment mostly based on natural/ umantarian disaters. 

Uses trade to generate economic growth in poorer regions, it belives in free trade without subsidies or tariffs or quotas. Therefore no restrcitions. 

In the 1920s 30'000 people were employed in the textile mills in Leicesster but due to overseas areas outcompeting these mills bycheaper labour etc. This industry has declined till now there is only few mills still open. 

It has doubled in size since 1970 as people have migrated from impoverished rural states around thecity like Bihar

Mumbai attracts visitors/ migrants as it is home to massive TNCs so more jobs like Starbucks

Has slums like Dharvi with unsettled housing  

Elite:

Elite migrants coming from Quatar or Russian obligarths to London to invest in property and investvinto the Shard and Harrods etc

Low wage economic migration: 

Phillipennian migrants coming to Saudi Arabia to work on the oil riggs

Each year the Swiss economic insitute measure globalisation on this scale based on:

• Economic -     1-Actual flows eg FDI           2- Cross border transactions
• Political -     1- Member of international organsitaions         2- Number of foreign embassies
• Social -     1-Crossborder contacts like letters and tourism    2- Information flows like Internet    3-Number of mcdonalds and Ikeas. 

Calculated on a scale of 1-100, higher number means greater globalisation. 

13/15 top countries are European as these countries are relatively small with lots of foreign embassies and most ofthe population has internet. But also China/USA have large domestic economies which are not counted in this method. 

Adavantages- Allows comparison and changes in globalisation over time and it is calculated on 24 variables so very accurate. 

It is calucated upon:

• Politcal engagement- International treaty involvement and number of FDI 
• Technological connectivity - Number of internet users and. the number of web servers 
• Personal contact - Telephone calls and remittances 
• Economic intergration 

These are then merged and rated on a scale from 0 to 1, where 1 is the highest value 

Adavantages- Covers 84% of worlds population and allows comparison between countries and over time and it is based on many meausres 

Disadvantages. - Uses more holistic measures than KOF and it is a complex measuring sysstem