GLACIAL LANDSCAPES AND PROCESSES

• Glacier= a slow moving river of ice
• Freeze-thaw weathering- 

  - helps shape jagged glacial mountain landscapes
  - rocks become weakened by freeze-thaw making it easier for them to be erodes
  - piles of large, angular rock (called scree) collects at the bottom of the mountain 

• Abrasion- when the glacier scrapes the bedrock like snadpaper, leaving a smooth surface. It often leaves scratches (called striations).
• Plucking- when meltwater from a glacier freezes and bonds to the base rock. As the glacier moves, rock is 'plucked' away, leaving behind a jagged surface.

Factors affecting the rate of abrasion;
-Velocity- faster the water, faster the rate of abrasion.
- Presense of Basal Debris- the more debris, the more material at the bottom of the glacier to erode the bed.

MOVEMENT (3 types);

• Basial slip- in summer, meltwater lubricates the glacier, enabling it to slide downhill.
• Rotational slip- in hollows high up on valley sides, movement may be more curved.
• Internal deformation- in winter, the glacier freezes to the rocky surface. Its weight and gravity cause ice crystals to change shape in a plastic-like way, causing the glacier to move slowly downhill.

TRANSPORTATION;

• Moraine- sediment transported by a glacier
• Bulldozing- as a glacier moves forward, it pushes the sediment ahead of it 

DEPOSITION;

• Mostly occurs when ice melts
• Most ice melts at the snout and this is where material carried by the ice is deposited.

• Moraines- type of lanform created when a glacier deposits piles of material it has been transporting. 

- Different types of moraine;

- Terminal moraines are found at the terminus or the furthest (end) point reached by a glacier.
- Lateral moraines are found deposited along the sides of the glacier.
- Medial moraines are found at the junction between two glaciers.
- Ground moraines are disorganised piles of rocks of various shapes, sizes and of differing rock types.

• Drumlins- elongated hills of glacial deposits. They can be 1 km long and 500 metres wide, often occurring in groups.
• Erratics- large rocks or boulders transported and deposited by glaciers. Often found on their own, rather than in piles and are unusual shapes, unusually large and of a rock type uncommon to the area they have been dumped.