Geography

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Central Valley Project

  • Stores and distributes 20% of California's developed water 
  • Transported 450 miles from lake Shasta to Bakersfield 
  • 18 dams and resivoirs 
  • Began construction in 1933
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Central Valley Project: Challenges

  • Drainage system not fully completed 
  • Salt gets into 'fresh water' canal and intoxicates birds and wildlife 
  • Fish (Salmon) can't return to original breeding grounds because they are blocked off by dams etc... Salmon numbers have declined 
  • Disrupts eco system and natural habitats 
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Central Valley Project: Advantages

  • More Water 
  • Increased jobs 
  • Recreational Oppurtunities (Watersports) 
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Central Valley Project: Sustainability

  • Central Valley Imrpovements Act: 
  • Restores wildlife 
  • Improve operations 
  • Protect future of San Fran Bay 
  • Achieve balance between meeting demand and controlling its uses 
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LA Aqueduct

  • Water drying up- land that was used for breeding is now unsafe and home to predators 
  • 4/5 Mono Lake has dried up 
  • Owen's lake already gone 
  • Aqueduct is owned and run by LA department of water and power- 8 storage resivoirs outside and 99 inside 
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LA Aqueduct: Disadvantages

  • Very expensive 
  • Destroys habitats 
  • Water levels in the lakes have dropped
  • 17 bomb attempts 
  • Farms extinct in Owens Valley
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LA Aqueduct: Advantages

  • Allowed LA to grow into the Megacity it is today
  • Provides 75% of LA water 
  • 1991 they started managing it 
  • Main source of water for the city
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LA Aqueduct: Sustainability

  • Helped LA grow
  • Not good for environment or residents of areas like Owen's Valley
  • Mono valley is no more
  • 100 years old and still going (despite bomb scares) 
  • Can it meet increasing demand without damaging the environment further
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Grey Water

  • Water is reused by households 
  • Bath water, washing machine and sinks will all recycle water 
  •  Used to clean cars and water plants 
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Grey Water: Advantages

  • Conservation of water
  • Reduces need for fertiliser 
  • Environmental benefits 
  • Reduces water costs
  • Can ensure water demands are met
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Grey Water: Disadvantages

  • Possible deminishing sewage flow 
  • Less reclaimed water for municipal use
  • Health standards of water 
  • Needs filtering 
  • Can be expesive 
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Grey Water: Sustainability

  • Economic, saves money as it reduces water bills however is expensive in the short term. 
  • Social, It can ensure that the demand for water is met, reducing demand and has had no reported Grey Water associated illness 
  • Envionmental benefits are all good 
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Drip Irrigation

  • Very efficient, 90% of water is saved 
  • It applies water directly to soil, commonly used for agriculture 
  • Easily adapts to odd shaped planting areas 
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Drip Irrigation: Benefits

  • Increased revenue 
  • Decreased Water costs
  • Decreased labour costs
  • Decreased energy costs
  • Decsreased fertiliser costs
  • Improved environmental benefits
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Drought Tolerant Crops

  • Growing crops that are appropriate to the regions climate 
  • Crops that are specifically modified in order to survive periods of drought
  • Produce a larger yield in summer months
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Water Storage

  • Ponds are built to capture rainfall when it occurs, mainly in winter months
  • Properly managed ponds create a habitat for local wilflife
  • Marin Roots' farm relies purely on 2 ponds for his water
  • Captruign rainwater means that less is taken from surounding supplies
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