geography 1

Methane - makes up 20% of GGas +20x more potent than CO2.

WETLANDS-INCREASE IN EMissions due to high temps

EGs Increase in rice production Sri Lanka - growing population

Cattle --INCREASE NO OF CATTLE- due to increas in Western style diet - cattle prod Methane during rumination .

Crop Yields -

Tanzania - longer drought periods Farmers loose 1/3 of Maize crops .

India- 50% decrease in land avail for wheat due to hotter ,drier weather.

Kenya -Droughts every 3 yrs instead of every 10 yrs . crops & cattle lost .

Sea levels & marine environment

Bangledash-sea levels go up by 1m -17.5% of its land will be lost.

LONDON-City -Sea levels rise low lying coastal land will flood .

Great Barrier Reef-corals dying - due to increasing water temps due to GWarming

Glaciers.(melt)

Montana USA -Glacier National Park -creat 1910- there was 150 glaciers now only 30 next 30 yrs cud all disappear.

Antartic-90%of glaciers retreating.

Gulf Stream diverted -further south -resulting in colder temps western europe ie 0c in winter /8-10 summer ( much colder 10c cooler than average).

(GULF STREAM-a warm body of water that moves out of the gulf of Mexico& crossess the Atlantic,warming up the coast of UK)

Global

1992-The Earth Summit, Rio de Janeiro-1st international Treaty-aimed to stabilse Ghousegas emmissions.

1997 Kyoto Conference-181 countries sighned Kyoto Protocol- 1)GGAS emmissions to be cut by 5,2%compared to 1990 levels. 2) each country agreed to a national limit of emmissions ie 7%USA - 0% Russia 3) INCREASE OF 10% for Iceland & 8% Australia as not usesing all their allowances 4) to achieve emmissions targets countries could trade with each other ie Iceland could sell 2% of their un used targed to the EU.

2007 Bali Conference-180 countries present Bali roadmap agreements reached to secure future climate security

BYLocal Governments -believe local councils can help reduce Carbon emmissions.

£4 mill given to councils to develop ideas -Woking Borough council - place solar pannelson public build roofs saving on power & emmissions.

BY SCHOOLS -LIVE SIMPLY-iNITIATED BY CATHOLIC CHURCH -TO educate students on choices in life- the impact on the world - Egs Schools introducing solar pannels to there schools to heat water etcnotices to switch lights off.

BY LOCAL INTEREST GROUPS EG" Manchester is my planet"-to reduce there carbon foot print .People who own /use cars with low carbon emmissions can apply for a Green Badge Parking Permit allowing them to have 25% off NCP car parking for 12 months .

Sustainable development is Development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

EGs Food Industrty Asda / Walmart - distribution centre in didcot Oxfordshire Recycles all of its plastic packaging .Asda benefits because its paid fior its packaging- the environment benefits because plastic is not sent to landfil sites -unwanted packaging was put in a skip  &collect x4 a week - nowa new balercompressess the plastic to 10% of its norm size only needing to b collect x1 a week .the compressed bale is collected & recycled into bin liners .

NOKIA PHONES-was concerned old phones not been recycled.if every mobile user recycled x1 phone it wud save240,000tonnes of raw materials . NOKIA gave info on the website where to find rcycle points .& addresses of where to send .50% of mobile users change their mobile yearly.100% of mob can b re-cycled.

GE-LARGE global company- is trying to prod products in a more sustainabile way.Bymonitoring water useage & useing  recycled water in their boilers & cooling towers . 

Coal Fired Power stations-provide 38% of world energy - in China 75% of energy.emmissins of sulphur dioxide & Nitrious oxide r major contributors to acid rain & climate change.

Emmissions can be reduced- Amine scrubbers can be fitted to Power Station Chimneys. 98% of CO 2can be removed.

Scrubbers fitted into the flue of PStations  - 95% of Sulphur dioxide removed.In Germany all PS have scrubbers fitted.

Most PS have systems fitted removing 70% of Nitrogen emissions.

Signs up - End of DayS- switch off - lights computers etc ,

Internet -paperless company -send info-not post

Rubbish - employees recycle in diff bins

Video conferencing -reduces Carbon footprint _not travelling car /train

Management of transport

Governments want people to give up their cars & use public transport .Car drivers will not use PT until its cheaper & efficient .

In Urban Areas of HICS & LICS - PEOPLE more dependent on private transport -Deli , India 1970 1/2 mill vehicles to 5 mill in 2008. 

Car - Sharing- 1 day a week vehicle pollution /congestion wud be reduced by10%.

Milton Keynes - 273km of cycle paths.

Road lanes - only allow cars with x2 passengers

Road Lanes Priorities to busses-Leeds York road A64

London Congestion Charge- £8 to enter centre7am-6pm mon-fri. Benefits 1-traffic levels reduced by 21 % 2 65000 fewer car journeys a day 3 12%increas in cycle journeys - Boris bikes Hyde Park 4 12% reduce emmissionsof nitrious oxide

Cambridge Park & RIDE .4500 PARKING SPACES -UP TO 70 PASSENGERSLEAVE THE PARKING EVERY 10 MINS DAYTIME MOM-FRI .£2.20 PER RETURN TICKET