GEOGRAPHY

Measuring Population:

• The population of a country is measured by a census.
• In most countries the census is carried out every 10 years.

The UK's Population Structure:

• The breakdown of a population by age is called Population structure.
• Bars are down to represent every 5 year band.
• Population pyramids are used to see trends in the population, such as, declining birth rates, increases of elderly people. 
• The trends provide useful information for the goverment in helping to plan for future education, housing, employment and healthcare.

Changes in the UK's Population structure since 1900:

• The population of the UK was about 42 million and 30 per cent of people lived in the countryside, mostly engaged in farming.
• People were moving to the UK for farming and working in factories, towns and cities.
• More people are now living into old age.
• After a period of falling births, there is a sudden increase, the continues into the early 1960's and has become known as the Baby Boomer generation.

The demographic Transition model:

• It shows changes in the population of the UK since 1700.
• BIRTH RATE: - the number of  live births per 1,000 of the population per year.
• DEATH RATE: - the number of deaths per 1,000 of the population per year.
• The difference between the birth rate and the death rate is called natural increase.

Ageing population in the UK

• In 2011, 9.2 million people were aged over 65.
• This is almost a million more people than 2001.
• In England and Wales, of those over hald decribed themselves as being in good health.

An ageing population (challenges and oppurtunities)

• An ageing population does present many challenges.
• Elderly people have greater medical needs and the costs of looking after them will increase in the future.
• A ageing population brings with it huge ammounts of wisdom and compassion for others.
• Manu older people give up their time to work as volunteers in the community and some continue to work in paid employment.

Who are immigrants:

• People have always migrated to the UK.
• Emigrants are people who move out of a country.
• The country has a diverse cultural heritage.
• In the 20th century many people migrated from the carribean, and from india, Pakistan and Bangladesh.

What are the recent trends in immigration:

• It shows the recent trends in immigration and emigration.
• In the year to March 2015, net migration reached 330,000 and all time high.
• This was more than 3 times the goverment target.
• One reason for the high level net migration is a reduction in people wishing to leave the UK.

Why do people come to the UK:

• In the year to March 2015, net migration of EU citizens was 183,000.
• Most of these were seeking work, while others were students or wished to join a family.

Where to people come from:

• Many immigrants continue to come from india and Pakistan, many seeking to join family who are already in the UK
• Migrants have arrived from across the world, including Africa, Asia, the USA and the Carribean. 
• In the year to March 2015, the highest numbers of migrants from outside the EU were from China.

What are the social and economic impacts of immigration on the UK:

• Since the last census in 2011, immigration has become a very controversial issue.
• It was one of the main issues in the 2015 general election with people expressing very different views on the advantage and disadvantage os mass immigration.