In 1517 Pope Leo X issued the indulgence for the reconstruction of St Peter's.
Annates and First Fruits angered people
Alexander VI created 12 new cardinals for 120,000 ducats
Huge amounts of money was given to Alexander VI's son, Cesare Borgia, for his own independent Principility in the heart of Italy.
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Moral Corruptiom
Alexander VI had 8 children, all of which became cardinals during his pontificate.
Rigorous sale of indulgences allowed by Leo X, angered reformers such as Luther.
Archbishop of Salzberg was charged 10,000 guilden for becoming an Archbishop
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Lack of Religious Guidance
Julius II took on the name "warrier pope" due to his vast involvement in war.
Julius II was involved in the Italian Wars (1494-1559)
In 1508 Pope Julius II organised the League of Cumbrai as he disliked Venice, it's aim was to secure Rome ventian lands. He shouldn't be involved in this/
1511 organised the Holy League against the French, designed to weaken French Influence in Italy.
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Erasmus
In 1500 published his Adages, didn't really cause a reform but this was grounding in his elief all should be able to access scripture.
1503 - Handbook of a Christian Soldier - wanted to reform the Church to a simple imitation of Christ.
1509 - Praise of Folly - mocked children, school teachers and elders. Hugely successful, ended with a bitter attack against the Church.
1516 - New Testement in Greek - undermined Catholic Authorities. Jean the Baptist said to 'do penance', supporting a Catholic teaching. Erasmus' translation said to 'change your mind', not literally, but to have an inner change of heart.
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Growth in Nationalism
Luther was described as your average German "bloke", people felt at ease with this local reformer, as opposed to an Italian Pope who people couldnt connect to.
All the 15th century Popes were Spanish/Italian, large majority also in the 16th century.
Popes taxed heavily with Annates and First Fruits, people resented religious authority for this.
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