The fall of the Qing Dynasty

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  • Created by: Phoebe
  • Created on: 14-04-13 00:30
When was the sino-japanese war
1985
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Who introduced the 100 day reforms (spell) and what year
Emperor Guangxu 1898
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What were the main reforms (5)
Education, Economy, Civil Service, Military, Political
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Education
Abolished 8 legged essay - created new schools and colleges
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Economy
Industrial reorganization to encourage trade - creation of ministry of agriculture
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Civil Service
Abolished unnecessary posts
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Military
Abolished old army created navy and new army with consciption
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Political
Direct communication between the government and the people
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Main Aims of the 100 day reforms
To silence government critics who were angered by the Manchus failure to stop foreign interference
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Why did the 100 day reforms fail
Cixi with her conservative ideas was against it
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How did Cixi stop the reforms
outmaneuvered Guangxou and his supporters.. placed him under house arrest and then imprisoment for the rest of his life and executed 6 reformers
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Other reasons it failed (2)
people feared improved relations with the west - too radical in short time
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What was the Boxer Rebellion and what year
1900-1901 Cixi needed to clamp down on foreign intervention (believed caused reformd) backed boxers (anti westerners) - violent attacks - west raised army of 9 countries to stop boxers and imposed penalities
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What penalties did the west impose on China
$450million reparations - troops permanently stationed in Beijing
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What was the consequences of the Boxer rebellion for Cixi and the Manchus
100 day reforms meant loss of support for emperor - boxer rebellion meant loss of support for cixi - no support for manchus
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WHy did cixi attempt reforms and what year
1905 in a desperate attempt for support
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What where her reforms
Creation of provincial government (previously against) and ending of confucion exams (similar to first reforms) also increased taxation alienting commercial and financial community from change
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What was the reaction to reforms
nobody believed in them due to previous failures and lack of support/trust. Time for change to get away from foreign intervention which Qing did nothing about 1905 boycott of american goods sue to immigration laws which Qing did not condemn
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who died in 1908
Guangxu and Cixi
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Main factors in the collapse of the Qing Dynasty
Sun Yatsen and Nationalists - Resentment of foreigners - Failure to reform - Economic problems - Military - Internal failures of the regime
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What were Sun Yatsens 3 princaples
Socialism, Democracy, Nationalism
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What was Sun Yatsens revolutionaries called
The Alliance League
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How did they cause the collapse of the Qing Dynasty
Alternative support - Inspired the revolutionaries who set of the bomb that started the Wuchang uprising
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Elements of foreign interference (examples)
Concession areas - Manchu - Railway - Boxer rebellion - Japanese war
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How did foreign resentment cause the collapse of the Qing Dynasty
Dynasty out of touch with nationalists, didnt prevent foreign intereference thus no support and more support for revolutionaries
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Examples of failure to reform
100 day reforms, Cixis final attempts at reform
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Economic problems
- 1907 floods(famine, grain prices) - Railways (loans from west, higher taxes) - Reparations from Boxer rebellion $450million - government nearly bankrupt
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Explain railway problems
In 20th century west started building railways in china thus making money - Qing wanted money so decided to nationalise but used foreign loans thus not preventing foreign interference
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Military and how caused collapse
Dismissal of Yuang Shikai (no military protection) who then led military in Implementing the Wuchang uprising, forcing Puyi to abdicate and the QIng rulers to give up power thus being direct cause of the collapse of the qing dunasty
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Internal failings of the regime
- disrepect of conficion code - Puyi emperor through nepotism - loss of mandate to heaven - 1907 floods - In 1908 emperor was Puyi (2 years old not strong leader) - out of touch with nationalists - allowed foreign interference
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What was the biggest factor in the collapse of the qing dynasty
The internal failings of the regime as dealt with foreign interference badly however the military are technical cause and foreign resentment second as Manchu government hard to accept (but not enough)
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What year was the collapse/ Wuchang revolution
1911-1912
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What happened in the Wuchang uprising
Military rebellion cause protest - Revolutionary bomb went off the revoltionaries where arrested and executed however Han troops mutinied and rebelled against the Dynasty - led by Yuan Shikai - thus causing collapse
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Who introduced the 100 day reforms (spell) and what year

Back

Emperor Guangxu 1898

Card 3

Front

What were the main reforms (5)

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Education

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Economy

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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