Essay Plans

• Antigens (bad bacteria), Lucocytes (good WBC), Luc kill Anit
• Stress = Luc function    - stopped by cortisol - immunosuppressive effect
• Less B and killer T cells to kill bad

Kiecolt-Glaser

• Medical students nat exp.
• Blood sample before and during exams (for NK cells)
• Lower NK levels during exams - Stress     = immune system 
• - Pop validity - non gen
• + real life - eco valid

Malarkey

• Lab ex - newlyweds solve conflicts 
• More adrenaline = more stressed
• - Pop val - newlyweds - ungen
• + real life - eco val

Drugs 

• BZs - less GABA - more Chloride ions
• More Cl = less anxiety
• + easy, fast, effective
• - Side effects, addiction

Biofeedback - on what to do

• + good for children

CBT esp. SIT

• Conceptualise (get an idea), Skills acquired, Apply
• + Helps w/ future stressors, better than SD
• - Time, effort, money

Resisting conformity

• Want to be individual
• Control - Burger - more control = less conformity
• Prescence of others - Mil Var - confedorates = conformity down to       %
• Moral consideration - Hornsey - little will do it if wrong e.g cheating

Resisting obedience

• Wake from agentic shift - Mil Orig - 2 refused past 200v - too much pain and coward to pass responsibility (from WWII)
• Discusison - Gamson - talk about meaning of video
• Reactance - Gamson - one vioced, others join in

Biological

• Mental disorder = Physical illness
• Brain damage, disease, genes, biochemistry
• + No blame, research support (Kendler 10% chance more Schizop. if fam has it)
• - stigma, reductionist

Psychological - FREUD

• Unconscious forces - id, ego, superego
• OAPLG (oral, anal, oedipus, social, relationships)
• Ego Def Mech (regression, denial, projection)
• + influential
• - untestable, retrospective

Behavioural

• Classical (Pavlov), Operant (Little Albert), Social Learning (Bobo)
• + Focus on behaviour
• - Cause not identified, reductionist

Cognitive

• Ellis - irrational thinking - maladaptive v adaptive
• Polarised, overgeneralised, catastrophise
• Beck - Cognitive Triad - Future, Self, World
• - No origin, individual is not responsible 

Drugs

• Anit anxiety, depressants, psychotic
• + Effective, cheap, easy to get
• - symptoms not cause, side effects

ECT

• Electrodes, 0.6amps, <1sec
• Used for severe depression e.g. suicidal
• + quick, Comer - 60% improve
• - Last resort, method unclear

Psychosurgery

• Remove abnormal brain tissue - Last resort
• + Successful
• - Controversial

Psychoanalysis

• Dream analysis
• Free assosiation
• Projection (ink blots)
• - Expensive, vague, time, effectiveness is dependant on problem

Systematic Desensitisation

• Fear              Relaxation
• Relaxation, hierachy of fearful situations, use relaxation, in real life
• + effective, research support (Emmelhaup)
• - some have no imagination, quicker alternatives

Aversion Therapy

• Addictions - link to nausea for example
• - Ethics, may not be effective

Behaviour Modification (OC)

• Tokens for good action
• - May become dependant on tokens, institutional bias

CBT

• Irrational thoughts         positive thinking
• Ellis - ABC Model - Activating thought, Belief, Consequence
• Fava - Drugs + CBT - 20 v 20
• 25% both relapsed, 80% drugs only relapsed                       - small sample - non gen
• + Diverse application, not too deep (appealing), depression fought
• - ethics