resented losing earldom of Tyrone in Ulster to brother
murdered his brother, and turned on English settlers and the admin in Dublin
kiled in a brawl with rival clans
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Northern Earls 1569-70
earls of Westmoreland and Northumberland planned to release Mary Stuart from captivity, marry her to Duke of Norfolk and force Elizabeth to recognise Mary as successor
Catholic earls wanted greater power for themselves in the north and wanted William Cecil dismissed (queen's secretary)
few supported the rebellion outside Yorkshire and Durham
fled when royal army approached
Northumberland executed; Westmorland never caught
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Munster 1569-73
James Fitzmaurice Fitzgerald rose up against English plantations in Munster
Edmund Butler attacked settlements in Leix-Offaly
over 800 rebels executed
Fitzgerald escaped to France
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Geraldine 1579-83
Fitzgerald returned from abroad and raised Irish rebels in protest at Elizabeth's religious and political policies
Fitzgerald killed but Earl of Desmond assumed command and received aid from Italian and Spanish troops at Smerwick
rebels rounded up by Egnlish army
Desmond was executed
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Tyrone 1595- 1603
Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, raised support from every Irish province against English rule
Elizabeth underestimated scale of his revolt, made several unwise appointments and deployed insufficient resources
Lord Mountjoy persuaded Tyrone to submit
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Oxfordshire 1596
in spite of severe economic problems, only armed uprising in England in 1590s occurred near Oxford and involved a hanful of protestors
government declaired it a rebellion and dispensed harshly punished leaders
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Essex 1601
Earl of Essex tried raising London to show popular support for him against Robert Cecil and queen's councillors
despite having nominal support of many nobles, none wanted risk their life or threaten the queen
the rebellion collapsed within a few hours
Essex and handful of his household servants were executed
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