Dolchstoss (stab in the back)

DOLCHSTOSS - A stab in the back

TOV vastly unpopular in Germany - believed their army had never been defeated in the war (failed to win but not defeated)

Army 'ready to fight on'

Army supposedly betrayed by politicians in Berlin (stabbed in the back - DOLCHSTOSS)

Ebert (new chancellor) greeted army with the words:

'Your sacrafice and deeds are without parallel. No enemy defeated you!'

Ebert accepted TOV but had lost 2 sons in war and never accepted defeat.

Politicians who signed TOV called the 'November Criminals'