Biol 1 - Proteins

Monomer = Amino Acid
Polymer = Polypeptide chain 

Formation = condensation reaction (a molecule of water is released)
Breakdown = hydrolysis reaction 

Structure of Amino Acids

All have on fully saturated Carbon molecule
Attached to it are:

• One Carboxcylic acid group (COOH)
• One Amine Group (H23)
• One H group
• One 'R' Group (varies between molecules, e.g, Glycine is H, Alanine is CH3) 

Primary Structure = sequence of amino acids

Secondary Structure = Hydrogen bonds form between amino acids to form either an Alpha Helix (coils) or Beta Pleated Sheets (like a consontinia)

Tertiary Structure = More bonds form between different parts of the peptide chain
                                This is the final 3D structure for single chained proteins

Quaternary Structure = Bonds form between multiples polypeptide chains
                                      Final 3D structure for multiple chained proteins 

• Enzymes
• Antibodies
• Transport Proteins - contain hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids causing the protein to fold and form a channel
• Structural Proteins - e.g, Collagen in connective tissues & Keratin in teeth and nails

The test for Proteins-

• Test solution needs to be alkaline so sodium hydroxide solution added
• Add copper (II) sulphate:
  - If protein is present it turns purple
  - Otherwise stays blue