Aerodynamics

 total pressure, pitot pressure and static pressure?

Total pressure can be obtained from a pitot tube and static pressure can be obtained from a static vent the air speed indicator can then take the static pressure from total pressure which will leave dynamic pressure, which can be displayed on the air speed indicator.

·         Having the undercarriage down would cause drag that the aircraft is not stressed to take.

·         The aircraft is not design to take the extra load caused by having the flaps down undercarriage.

Dihedral, Swept wings, high mounted wings; explain how each works...?

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Passive lateral stability is the interaction between the aircraft in roll and the airflow with no control surface movement.

·         Dihedral – enables passive lateral stability which needs slide slip, lower wing has better angle of attack that the higher wing and provides stability.

·         Swept wings – same as dihedral

·         High Mounted – only works at the wing root better than low pushes the right way.

causes them?

• 1.       Large increase in drag
• 2.       Reduce Lift
• 3.       Buffeting
• 4.       Pitching – movement of shockwaves
• 5.       Shock stall
• 6.       Increased separation due to span wise flow
• 7.       Control ineffectiveness
• 8.       Instability
• 9.       Kinetic Heating

into account.??

Maximum range is the largest distance covered in miles, endurance is the longest time covered in Hours. Factors that affect maximum range are;

-Lift to drag ratio

-Weight difference between start and end of flight

-Specific fuel consumption

 shut an engine down in flight and why?

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feather to not cause drag and not to rotate. Rotating or wind-milling can cause the engine to restart.

generators on and aircraft and explain why they are used?

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Vortex generators are used to re-energise the boundary layer which delay separation by converting the boundary layer from laminar to turbulent flow.

the load increases when an aircraft is in a banked turn at a constant height.?

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Load factor n is the aircraft lift divided by the weight (ratio of lift to weight) as an aircraft has to produce more lift to oppose weight in a turn due to the lift now acting on angle to weight and not in vertical opposition, the load factor increases.

 not operate correctly.?

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The take-off distance and landing speed increased, reduced manoeuvrability, stall speed

increased, un-commanded manoeuvres, structural damage.

about each axis and the conventional controls which would cause their movement.?

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-Lateral axis(Pitch)

-Longitudinal axis(Roll)

-Directional axis(Yaw)

 an elliptical or tapered wing compared to a rectangular wing.?

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An aerodynamic benefit of using an elliptical or tapered wing is that they produce less induced drag and a structural benefit is that the wing root bending moment is reduced.

transits through the transonic region and state what the pilot may have to do to keep the aircraft level.?

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The centre of lift moves rearward from approx ¼ chord to ½ chord which causes a nose down movement so the pilot will have to move the control column rearward causing the elevator to move upwards.