Anti-Icing and De Icing

aircraft surface:

the build-up of frost, ice or snow on aircraft can increase drag, reduce aerodynamic lift, increase weight and therefore increase minimum stall speed, it can affect sensors, ice down intake, frozen flying controls.

that the topic 1 contains appropriate procedures for the anti-icing and de-icing of parked aircraft. State the procedures that must be included in the topic 1:

• Anti-icing measures to be taken, methods and equipment used, procedures for de-icing with explosives fitted, pre-flight inspection checklist. Specific-to-type information, including fluid type to be used, and Holdover times.

what is it dependent upon?

• The elapsed time from commencing de-icing/anti-icing on an aircraft to the onset of refreezing is known as the holdover time and is dependent on the prevailing weather conditions and the temperature.