acids and bases

PH- ph of 1-4 is strong acidic, ph of 5-6 is a weakly acidic, ph of 7 is neutral. 8-9 is weakly alkaline. 10-14 is strongly alkaline.

common lab acids are- hydrochloric, sulfuric and nitric.

acids in a solution that contains hydrogen ions-H+

bases is a substance that neutralises an acid. bases are normal solids.(metal oxides and metal hydroxides.

a base that dissolves in water is an alkali.

all alkalis in solution in water contin hydroxide ions-OH-

NEUTRALISATION= ACID+ BASE= SALT+WATER

IONIC EQUATION FOR NEUTRALISATION= H+ + OH-= H20

Potassium carbonate + hydrochloric acid → potassium chloride + water + carbon dioxide

H₂SO₄ + 2KOH → K₂SO₄ + 2H₂O- sulfuric acid + potassium hydroxide → potassium sulfate + water

2HNO₃ + CaCO₃ → Ca(NO₃)₂ + H₂O + CO₂   nitric acid + calcium carbonate → calcium nitrate + water + carbon dioxide

HCl + NH₄OH → NH₄Cl + H₂O hydrochloric acid + ammonium hydroxide → ammonium chloride + water