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- Certain genotype restricts phenotype to a small number of developmental outcomes
- Environment has little impact
- A highly canalised attribute is one for which genes channel development across predetermined pathways e.g. babbling
- Less canalised attitudes e.g. IQ and personality can be deflected away from these pathways in several directions by a variety of life experiences.
- Environments can also canalize human development, e.g. early environments that are inadequate can stunt a child's growth and impair their intellectual development.
- To sum up:
- 1. There are multiple pathways which a child can develop along.
- 2. Combination of nature and nurture to determine these pathways.
- 3. Either genes or the environment can limit the extent to which the other factor can influence development.
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- Genotype sets limits on the range of possible phenotypes a person might display in response to different environments.
- Don't rigidly canalise behaviour, instead, it establishes a range of possible responses to different kinds of life experiences.
- Because everyone has different genes, they shouldn't react in the exact way to any particular environment.
- Line graph showing 3 different degrees of intellectual potential improving with enriched environment. Those with higher IQ potential, have higher reaction range. Lowest IQ potential has lowest reaction range as potential for intellectual development is limited, so smaller variation across environments than other children.
- Genotype sets out a range of possible outcomes and the environment can then predict where in range the individual will fall.
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