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- Marley's appearance is disturbing. Scrooge feels "the chilling influence" of Marley's "death-cold eyes" and when the ghost removes the bandage from its head, its "lower jaw dropped down upon its breast" - a horrible image is created
- His terrifying appearance reflects the frightening nature of his message and makes it seem more important
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- Marley's main role within the novella is to warn Scrooge about what will happen after he dies - unless he changes
- The similarities between Marley and Scrooge help to emphasise Marley's role as a warning figure, not just to Scrooge, but the reader too
- Marley's punishment is the consequence of living a self-centred life - "I wear the chains I forged in life" - Dickens has already shown Scrooge behaving similarly, therefore Marley is a reflection of Scrooge's fate
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- Marley regrets that he didn't change his ways whilst he was alive - it's too late for him to avoid suffering - "Oh, woe is me!"
- All he can do is offer Scrooge the chance to escape the same fate. He acts as a kind of hellish guardian angel to Scrooge
- Marley is acting selflessly and helping a friend even though there is no chance of redemption himself
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- His character is used to show that Scrooge is lucky - Marley implies that most people are already doomed to their fates, but Scrooge will get one last chance at redemption
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