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- Hazard is a risk multiplied by vulnerability
- Vulnerability is determined by various different factors such as socioeconomic conditions, physical geography, attitudes towards hazards and etc.
- Management of a hazard= prediction and prevention and preparation in order to reduce the vulnerability of the location, Management focuses on the longer term responses to a tropical storm
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- Typhoon Haiyan caused the destruction of Tacloban when it hit the Philippines on the 3rd of November 2013
- Impact: Coastal areas and low lying areas were completely destroyed, with over 30000 buildings collapsed
- Management in the short term: ECHO aid (£30m and distributing food to 1.2 million) , MSF- 200 aid experts and 359 tonnes of aid provided- however NGOs did not always give what was necessary e.g. rice
- Response: Build Back Better- bottom up approach which is effection, especially for a country that consisits of 7000 islands therefore local governments have given the population the authority- local scale- effective as it ensured community involvement
- Response 2: No Build Zones in areas which are at high risk - this was done during the rehabilitation and reconstruction phase to ensure that people in remote yet high risk areas are not suffering- this was ignored in many areas and evacuation zones were not available everywhere e.g. East Samar
- Global scale- 5% of government revenue for disaster relief- local governments may not always put this to good use
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- Hurricane Katrina was a well known tropical storm that hit the coast of Louisiana in New Orleans on the 23rd August 2005
- FEMA was prepared and well aware- managed to evacuate 1 million people before the storm hit as well as preparing emergancy supplies. This differs to the awareness for Haiyan perhaps due to a difference in attitudes and perception about hazards
- Political tensions arose as those that were most affected by the storm were low income earners- ministers were claimed to be racist and there was a breakdown in the local political system
- Levees that were built were advantageous for storms under Cat 3 but could not withstand Hurricane Katrina- causing the death of 1700
- Reconstruction and rehabilitation was a much slower process despite much international aid due to the lack of resilience in the local community
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- Eval: anthopogenic climate changes causes higher temperatures at higher latitudes leading to an increased frequency as well as intensity of tropical storms- perhaps in the future there will be a catagory 6?
- Can be predicted through satellite data and can be monitored
- Overall, management of tropical storms has been more successful in the Philippines than in New Orleans as the resilience of the population has been great and the bottom up approach utilises strategies that are more environmentally friendly as well as build on community involvement.
- To a large extent, tropical storms can be managed.
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