2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami

Created by: ashleighholmes23
Created on: 10-02-16 22:30


	2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami
	Causes Earthquake of magnitude 9.1 (USGS). Epicentre 256km off Banda Aceh on Sumatra's west coast. Hypocentre depth of 30km below sea level (10km below sea bed). Rupture of the Sunda Megathrust fault (assumed dormant) 1,300km long. Destructive plate boundary between Indo-Australian Plate subducting beneath the Burma Plate at 6cm/year. Earthquake of 9.1 in Sunda Megathrust caused seabed to rise by 15m for over 1,500km. Earthquake released 1/8th of all earthquake energy released in past 100 years.	Effects SOCIALBangladesh was not badly affected despite being closest & low-lying. Kalutara, Sri Lanka was badly hit with villages & tourist resorts flooded on coast. Indian state of Kerala hit despite shield of Sri Lanka due to refracting waves. Beach resorts on Phi Phi Island decimated. Aceh province of Sumatra most badly hit - closest to epicentre. Many coastal populations were taken by surprise due to lack of tsunami warning systems in Indian Ocean - surrounded by LEDCs that could not afford the system for such a low-frequency event. Death toll 170,000 in Indonesia alone. 1.7 million people displaced. ECONOMICMany communities affected were dependent on fishing industry (250,000 employed). 66% fishing fleet lost. Loss of tourism - people not returning for psychological reasons. Farming industry cannot operate productively as irrigation is difficult & fields swamped by saltwater. ENVIRONMENTAL Coastal ecosystems i.e. mangroves, coral reefs & forests destroyed by wave surge. Many more ecosystems polluted by human and chemical waste in the floodwater. Arable land covered in layer of salt - soil becomes infertile.
	Overall summary Responses:Huge amounts of humanitarian aid required - focus on sanitation & fresh water (UNICEF, Red Cross).Total $14 billion of aid.Asian development bank handled money.US provided aircraft for Search & Rescue surveying & transport of aid cargo i.e. food, shelter & dry ice to preserve the dead. Corruption hampered aid efforts - Sri Lanka refused Israeli aid efforts. Military forces of the affected countries set up field hospitals, refugee camps & clinics. GSK sponsored project sending 700 nurses to India. Concerns raised over the need for a global tsunami detection system - similar to DART system in Pacific. Tsunami warning system being implemented in response. 4,500 troops mobilised by various militaries including Australia & Singapore. Wealthier nations UK provide transport for the evacuation of their nationals.

2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami

Causes

Earthquake of magnitude 9.1 (USGS).
Epicentre 256km off Banda Aceh on Sumatra's west coast.
Hypocentre depth of 30km below sea level (10km below sea bed).
Rupture of the Sunda Megathrust fault (assumed dormant) 1,300km long.
Destructive plate boundary between Indo-Australian Plate subducting beneath the Burma Plate at 6cm/year.
Earthquake of 9.1 in Sunda Megathrust caused seabed to rise by 15m for over 1,500km.
Earthquake released 1/8th of all earthquake energy released in past 100 years.

Effects

*SOCIAL*Bangladesh was not badly affected despite being closest & low-lying.
Kalutara, Sri Lanka was badly hit with villages & tourist resorts flooded on coast.
Indian state of Kerala hit despite shield of Sri Lanka due to refracting waves.
Beach resorts on Phi Phi Island decimated.
Aceh province of Sumatra most badly hit - closest to epicentre.
Many coastal populations were taken by surprise due to lack of tsunami warning systems in Indian Ocean - surrounded by LEDCs that could not afford the system for such a low-frequency event.
Death toll 170,000 in Indonesia alone.
1.7 million people displaced.
*ECONOMIC*Many communities affected were dependent on fishing industry (250,000 employed).
66% fishing fleet lost.
Loss of tourism - people not returning for psychological reasons.
Farming industry cannot operate productively as irrigation is difficult & fields swamped by saltwater.
*ENVIRONMENTAL* Coastal ecosystems i.e. mangroves, coral reefs & forests destroyed by wave surge.
Many more ecosystems polluted by human and chemical waste in the floodwater.
Arable land covered in layer of salt - soil becomes infertile.

Overall summary

Responses:Huge amounts of humanitarian aid required - focus on sanitation & fresh water (UNICEF, Red Cross).Total $14 billion of aid.Asian development bank handled money.US provided aircraft for Search & Rescue surveying & transport of aid cargo i.e. food, shelter & dry ice to preserve the dead. Corruption hampered aid efforts - Sri Lanka refused Israeli aid efforts. Military forces of the affected countries set up field hospitals, refugee camps & clinics. GSK sponsored project sending 700 nurses to India. Concerns raised over the need for a global tsunami detection system - similar to DART system in Pacific. Tsunami warning system being implemented in response. 4,500 troops mobilised by various militaries including Australia & Singapore. Wealthier nations UK provide transport for the evacuation of their nationals.

Comments

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Report Wed 13th October, 2021 @ 18:25

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2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami