Urban Air
- Created by: Charlie Davies
- Created on: 29-05-14 10:38
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- Urban Air Quality
- Particulate Pollution in Urban Areas
- particles are tiny pieces of solids and tiny droplets of liquids floating in the air
- more particles found in urban areas than rural areas. around 10-40ug/m3
- sources include:
- vehicle exhausts
- FINE PARTICULATES
- burning of refuse, cigarettes and fuel
- FINE&COARSE PARTICULATES
- Construction, mining and quarrying
- COARSE PARTICULATES
- Plants and moulds
- COARSE PARTICULATES
- vehicle exhausts
- particulates can cause health problems
- coarser particules usually filtered out by nose but finer can enter lungs= asthma, bronchitis etc
- PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG
- pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and hdrocarbons come from burning fossil fuels
- when these come into contact with sunlight, the UV light causes them to break down into harmful chemicals (e.g. ozone) which=photochemical smog
- Photochemical smog is a problem in many cities. More common n places with hot and sunny climates as there is more sunlight
- E.G. MEXICO CITY(MEXICO), BARCELONA (SPAIN)
- These locations often have a temp. inversion (layer of warm air trapped below denser cooler air) which keeps pollutants at ground level
- linked to health problems such as breathing difficulties, respiratory disorders and headaches
- pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and hdrocarbons come from burning fossil fuels
- WAYS TO REDUCE AIR POLLUTION
- CONGESTION CHARGING
- people charged to use vehicles in certain places at certain times
- reduce road traffic--London reduced by 15%
- but people travel around it increasing traffic there
- PEDESTRIANISATION
- vehicles restricted from entering certain places at certain times
- Manchester, Liverpool, Cardiff
- can lead to shops having lower customers as only get there by foot
- PUBLIC TRANSPORT IMPROVEMENTS
- encourage people to use public transport
- improved bus services
- park and ride schemes
- Metrolink
- Bury and Alti line taken 2.6million cars off road
- LEGISLATION
- Laws aim to reduce pollution by limiting emissions
- UK Clean Air Acts 1956&1968
- introduced smoke control areas where only smokless fuels can be burnt and use of tall chimneys so pollutants dispersed higher
- Road Vehicles Regulations
- MOT emission test
- UK Clean Air Acts 1956&1968
- Laws aim to reduce pollution by limiting emissions
- ALTERNATIVE FUELS
- Petrol and diesel replaced with cleaner fuels
- Biofuels
- produced from plants
- Electric vehicles
- Liquefied petroleum gas
- gas produced from fossil fuels lower emissions
- Biofuels
- Petrol and diesel replaced with cleaner fuels
- CONGESTION CHARGING
- Particulate Pollution in Urban Areas
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