Unit 1 definitions
- Created by: Rachel98
- Created on: 20-05-15 15:11
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- Unit 1 Key Definitions
- Atomic Number
- Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
- Mass Number
- Number of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
- Isotopes
- Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of nutrons
- Relative atomic mass
- average mass of an atom of an element / 1/12th. the mass of an atom of carbon- 12
- Relative molecular mass
- average mass of a molecule/ 1/12th the mass of an atom of carbon-12
- s/p/d- block element
- An element with the outermost electron in the s/p/d sub shell
- Empirical Formula
- Simplest whole number ratio of each element in a compound
- Molecular Formula
- The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule
- Electronegativity
- The ability of an atom to attract the shared pair of electrons in a covalent bond
- 1st ionisation energy
- enthalpy change needed to remove 1 mole of electrons from 1 mole of gaseous atoms to form 1 mole of gaseous unipositive ions
- Ionic Bond
- electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions
- Covalent Bond
- a shared pair of electrons between two atoms
- Dative covalent Bond ( Co-ordinate bond)
- A covalent bond where both electrons come from one atom
- Metallic bond
- electrostatic force of attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons
- Polar bond
- Uneven distribution of charge due to a difference in electronegativity
- Structural isomers
- Compounds with the same molecular formula but with structural formula
- Position Isomers
- Compounds with the same molecular formula but with the functional group in a different position
- Chain Isomers
- Compounds with the same molecular formula but has a different arrangement of the carbon skeleton
- Functional group isomers
- Compounds with the same molecular formula but with the atoms arranged into different functional groups
- Hydrocarbon
- A molecule that is made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms only
- Homologous Series
- A group of organic molecules with the same general formula, similar chemical properties and show a gradual change in physical properties down the group
- Endothermic reaction
- Heat is absorbed, temperature decreases
- Exothermic Reaction
- Heat is given out, temperature increases
- Atom Economy
- (mass of desired product/ total mass of reactants) x100
- % Yeild
- ( Actual mass of product / Maximum theoretical yield) x100
- Ionic Lattice
- A regular three dimensional arrangement of positive and negative ions
- Metallic Lattice
- A regular three dimensional arrangement of positive ions surrounded by delocalised electrons
- Simple molecular lattice
- A regular three dimensional arrangement of molecules held together by intermolecular forces
- Atomic Number
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