Unit 1.2.5
- Created by: neleanor
- Created on: 22-04-14 17:24
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- Unit 1.2.5
- Function of skeleton
- Movement: Bones meet as joints, help generate speed, force, power.
- Tendons attach bones to muscles.
- Support: Skeleton supports body standing, sitting, or lying. Bones give body shape and size.
- Protection: Bones protect vital organs from damage.
- Skull:Brain, Ribs:Heart Lungs Stomach Liver, Sternum:Heart Left lung, Spine:CNS
- Movement: Bones meet as joints, help generate speed, force, power.
- Joints and Movement
- Joint: A place where 2 or more bones meet.
- For joints to be smooth, a layer of cartilage covers the end of bones.
- Acts as a cushion to stop friction.
- Also surrounded by synovial fluid to lubricate joint.
- For joints to be smooth, a layer of cartilage covers the end of bones.
- Hinge joints
- Elbow: Flexion, extension. Knee: Flexion, extension.
- Ball and socket joints
- Connected bones covered with cartilage, held together by ligaments.
- Shoulder: Extension, flexion, adduction, abduction, rotation.
- Joint: A place where 2 or more bones meet.
- Effect of exercise
- Bones grow for about 18 years.
- Exercise increases bone density. When bones heavier, stronger. Ligaments and tendons thicker and stronger.
- Weight-lifting when young causes uneven growth.
- Importance of weight-bearing exercise
- Bones lighter with age, density and strength reduces.
- Weight-bearing exercise puts pressure on bones, strengthens them.
- Delays/Prevents osteoporosis.
- Fractures
- Fracture are caused by an excessive impact or twist.
- Symptoms: Immobile limb, Extreme pain, Swelling, Bruising, or Deformity.
- Types of fractures.
- Simple: Impact. Along one line, no displacement, not through skin.
- Compound: Impact.Through skin, can lead to infection and blood loss.
- Greenstick: Twist. Bends rather than breaks.
- Stress: Overuse. Happen when increasing intensity or playing on unfamilliar surfaces, can be osteoporosis or eating disorders.
- Fracture are caused by an excessive impact or twist.
- Joint injuries
- Movement passed joint range or overuse can result in torn/pulled ligaments and tendons.
- Tennis/Golfer's elbow: Overuse of tendons at elbow. Racquet wronghandle size. Tennis:Outside elbow, Golfer's:Inside elbow.
- Dislocation: Bones at a joint is displaced. Looks deformed and is painful.
- Sprain: Damage to ligaments at a joint. When ankle/wrist twisted suddenly.
- Torn cartilage: When joint twisted excessively when changing direction at speed.
- Treatment for minor injuries: Rest Ice Compression, Elevation
- Diet
- Calcium maintain bone strength and density.
- Vitamin D helps absorb Calcium.
- Function of skeleton
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