The Process of Cell Division

The role of cell division in you life

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  • Created by: Azizah
  • Created on: 28-04-13 15:58
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  • The Process of Cell Division
    • Chromosomes
      • In the nucleus of each cell, the DNA molecule is packaged into thread-like structures called Chromosomes.
      • Prokaryotic
        • Prokaryotes lack nuclei and many of the organelles found in Eukaryote
        • Most prokaryotes contain a single, circular DNA chromosome that contains nearly all the cell's genetic information.
      • Eukaryotic
        • Eukaryotic cells generally have much more DNA than prokaryotes ; contain multiple chromosomes.
        • The chromosomes in Eukaryotic cells form a close association with histones; this complex combination iis called Chromatin.
    • If a cell were simply split into two without any advanced preparation, the results might be disastrous,
      • especially if some of the cell's genetic info. wound up in one of the daughter cellls
        • to prevent  this, cells first make a complete copy of their genetic  info. before cell division begins.
    • Cell Cycle
      • During the cell cycle, a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells.
      • Prokaryotic Cell Cycle
        • It's a regular pattern of growth, DNA replication, and cell division that can take place very rapidly. It's also a form of Asexual Repr./Binary Fission
      • Eukaryotic Cell Cycle
        • G1 (Cell Growth) - Cells do most of their growing. In this phase, cells increase in size and synthesize new proteins and organelles
        • S (DNA Repli.) - new DNA is synthesized when the chromosomes are replicated.
        • G2 (Preparing Cell DIvision) - many of the organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced.
        • M (Cell DIvision) - produces two daughter cells.
          • Mitosis
            • Prophase - the genetic material in the nucleus condensed & the duplicated become visible.
            • Metaphase - the centromeres of the duplicated chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.
            • Anaphase - the chromosomes separate and move along spindle fibers to opposite ends of the cell.
            • Telophase - the distinct and condensed  chromosomes begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin.

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