Reproduction

Flower Structure

Pollination

• Pollination is the process of getting pollen to the carpel

There are two main ways of pollination:

1) Self Pollination - when pollen is transferred from the stamen to the stigma on the same plant

2) Cross Pollination - when pollen is transferred from the stamen of one plant to the stigma of a different plant

There are two main ways of cross pollination:

1) Insect Pollination - when an insect has pollen stuck to body which is rubbed on a different plant when insect collects nectar.

Features:

• large brightly coloured petals
• scented flowers with nectaries
• rough pollen
• anthers inside flower
• sticky stigma
• small amount of pollen made

2) Wind Pollination - when the wind blows the pollen from the anther onto a different plant.

Features:

• usually small dull petals
• no scent or nectaries
• smooth pollen
• long filaments that hang anthers outside flower
• feathery stigma
• large amount of pollen made

Fertilisation

• fertilisation is when the two nuclei combine

1) Pollen grains land on ripe stigma through pollination

2) A pollen tube then grows down through the style to the ovary

3) The pollen nucleus moves down the tube to join with an ovule in the ovary

4) When the two nuclei are combined, the ovule is fertilised

5) The ovary develops into a fruit and each fertilsed ovule forms a seed.

Seed Structure

There are four parts to a seed:

• Plumule - Embryo shoot
• Radicle - Embryo root
• Testa - Hard seed coat which protects embryo plant
• Cotyledons - Food store filled with stored food

Seed Dispersal

• seed dispersal is the process of the seeds getting scattered
• seed dispersal is good because it means that seeds…