The Recovery of Tsarist Power
- Created by: Tori
- Created on: 21-04-20 14:45
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- The recovery of Tsarist power
- By December 1905, the Tsar still faced opposition.
- Lenin had returned from exile in November 1905.
- He urged the St Petersburg Soviet to stage an armed uprising against the Tsar.
- Lenin had returned from exile in November 1905.
- The Returning Troops
- The end of the Russo-Japanese War allowed the Tsar's government to send the Russian army to crush workers' protests in the cities.
- Consequently, Nicholas ordered 100,000 troops to be recalled in order to end the Revolution.
- The returning troops were loyal to the Tsar because they had not been exposed to the radical propaganda.
- Additionally, the Ministry of War had given in to the demands of soldiers in order to win back loyalty.
- Included:
- Army pay was doubled.
- Soldiers' rations were increased.
- New clothing was issued.
- Soldiers were given bedding and handkercheifs which were useful for first aid.
- Thus, mutinies in the army all but ceased in December.
- Included:
- Additionally, the Ministry of War had given in to the demands of soldiers in order to win back loyalty.
- Crushing the St Petersburg Soviet
- In mid-December the government moved against the Soviet in a series of steps:
- 1) The Okhrana arrested leading figures from the Soviet.
- 2) It declared Martial Law.
- 3) The police and army stormed factories and the meeting place of the Soviet, arresting rebel workers.
- Was it the end of the Revolution?
- Unrest continued into 1906.
- However, the supression of the St Petersburg and Moscow Soviets destroyed the last hope of overthrowing the Tsar at this time.
- Unrest continued into 1906.
- In mid-December the government moved against the Soviet in a series of steps:
- The end of the Russo-Japanese War allowed the Tsar's government to send the Russian army to crush workers' protests in the cities.
- Why did the Tsar Survive?
- Several reasons the Tsar survived:
- Most of the 1905 protests were unco-ordinated.
- The October Manifesto successfully divided opposition.
- Concessions to soldiers won the loyalty of the returning army.
- The workers of St Petersburg and Moscow were overwhelmed by the force of the returning troops.
- The Tsar had some popular support from the Union of Russian People and the Black Hundreds.
- Several reasons the Tsar survived:
- The extent of the recovery of Tsarist power
- By December it was clear that the Tsar has support of the army.
- This meant that he was able tocrush rebellions by workers and peasants.
- The Electoral Law
- The extent of the Tsar's victory was clear from the Electoral Law of December 1905.
- The law failed to give liberals what they wanted.
- Specifically:
- The Duma would be selected by indirect elections.
- Soldiers, women and some workers were not given the vote.
- Votes weren't equal.
- The electoral system gave more power to the rich.
- The Electoral Law didn't give what was promised in the October Manifesto.
- Specifically:
- The law failed to give liberals what they wanted.
- The extent of the Tsar's victory was clear from the Electoral Law of December 1905.
- By December it was clear that the Tsar has support of the army.
- Partial Recovery
- Although he want back on some promises, the Autocracy was not fully restored.
- The reforms brought in at the end of 1905 placed limits on the Tsar's power.
- Included:
- Political Parties and trade unions were legalised.
- This allowed the formation of groups that could oppose the Tsar.
- The new Duma (introduced in 1906) could veto laws proposed by the Tsar.
- This ended his complete authority over the law.
- Peasant protest and protests in countries like Poland and Finland continued into 1906.
- Thus, the Tsar had not-re-established full control over the whole of the Empire.
- The Tsar had been forced to end his policy of Russification in Finland to end the Finish nationalist protests.
- Lack of complete power/control over the area.
- Political Parties and trade unions were legalised.
- Included:
- Was it a revolution?
- The events of 1905 are often refered to as a 'revolution'.
- Although, Marxists argue that the key feature of a revolution is that it transfers power from one class to another.
- As the 1905 revolution didn't do this, some wouldn't call it a revolution.
- Although, Marxists argue that the key feature of a revolution is that it transfers power from one class to another.
- Other historians view a revolution as a fundamental and irreversible change.
- This happened as the Tsar gave up part of his power, thus some say it was a revolution.
- The events of 1905 are often refered to as a 'revolution'.
- By December 1905, the Tsar still faced opposition.
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