The Kidney and osmoregulation
- Created by: lavithedemon
- Created on: 15-04-16 08:29
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- the kidney and osmoregulation
- animals are either osmoregulators or osmoconformers
- osmorality
- solute concentration of a solution
- osmoconformers
- internal solute concentration is similar to the concentration of solutes in the environment
- osmorality
- the maplighian tubule system in insects and the kidney carry out osmoregulation and removal of nitrogenous wastes
- the composition of blood in the renal artery is different from that in the renal vein
- renal artery - toxins, excretory waste products, excess water, excess salt
- the ultrastructure of the glomerulus and Browman's capsule facilitate ultrafiltration
- fluid forced out is glomerular filtrate
- ultrafiltration - separation of particles
- Sodium, cloride ions, glucose, urea, proteins
- fenestrations - allow fluid to escapebut not blood cells
- basement membrane - negatively charged glycoproteins - prevents plasma proteinsfrom being filtered
- podocytes - forms the inner wall
- the proximal convoluted tubule selectively reabsorbs useful substances by active transport
- sodium ions - active transport
- chloride ions - charge gradients, active transport
- glucose - co transported
- water - solute concentration gradient - osmosis
- The loop of Henle maintains hypertonic conditions in the medulla
- to create a gradient of solute concentration in the medulla
- ascending limb - sodium ions pumped out
- water is retained in the filtrate
- ascending limb - water is pumped out
- the length of the loop of Henle is positively correlated with the need for water conservation in animals
- ADH controls reabsorption of water in the collecting duct
- solute concentration is too low - relatively little water is reabsorbed
- large volume of urine is produced
- solute concentration is too high, ADH is secreted to make walls more permeable to water
- small volume of urine
- solute concentration is too low - relatively little water is reabsorbed
- animals are either osmoregulators or osmoconformers
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