Neurology & Behavior 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyEntire option EInternational BaccalaureateNone Created by: i3lenaCreated on: 20-03-15 10:27 Stimulus A change in the environment (external or internal) that is detected by a receptor. 1 of 24 Response A change in an organism (an action) resulting from a stimulus. 2 of 24 Reflex A type of response that is rapid and involuntary (unconscious). 3 of 24 Receptors Protein molecules that transform stimuli into electrical nerve impulses 4 of 24 Sensory neurons Relay the nerve impulse to the central nervous system (via the dorsal root of the spinal cord). 5 of 24 Relay neurons Transmit nerve impulses within the CNS. 6 of 24 Motor neurons Receive nerve impulses from the CNS (via the ventral root) and relays the signal to an effector. 7 of 24 Effectors Muscles or glands that produce a response to the stimulus. 8 of 24 Synapses The junctions between two nerve cells and transmission of a signal across these junctions require chemical neurotransmitters. 9 of 24 Mechanoreceptor FUNCTION: movement. STIMULI: sound waves, pressure changes, touch/stretch. LOCATIONS: ears, skin, arteries. 10 of 24 Chemoreceptors FUNCTION: chemicals. STIMULI: molecules/solutes, blood pH. LOCATIONS: tongue, nose, tissues. 11 of 24 Thermoreceptor FUNCTION: temperature. STIMULI: heat/cold. LOCATIONS: skin, hypothalamus. 12 of 24 Photoreceptor FUNCTION: light. STIMULI: visible light. LOCATIONS: eyes (retina). 13 of 24 Innate behavior An instinctive response that is developmentally fixed (independent of environmental context). 14 of 24 Learned behavior Behaviour modified by experience 15 of 24 Taxis A change in movement in response to a stimulus. 16 of 24 Kinesis A change in activity rate in response to a stimulus. 17 of 24 Three examples of excitatory psychoactive drugs Cocaine, Amphetamines, Nicotine 18 of 24 Three examples of inhibitory psychoactive drugs Benzodiazepines, Alcohol, Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) 19 of 24 Medulla oblongata Controls automatic and homeostatic activities, such as swallowing, digestion and vomiting, and breathing and heart rate. 20 of 24 Cerebellum Coordinates unconscious functions, such as movement and balance. 21 of 24 Hypothalamus Maintains homeostasis via coordination of the nervous and endocrine systems, produces hormones secreted by posterior pituitary. 22 of 24 Pituitary Gland Produces and secretes hormones regulating many body functions - such as ADH (water retention / osmoregulation). 23 of 24 Cerebral Hemispheres Acts as the integration centre for highly complex functions, such as learning, memory and emotion. 24 of 24
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