The Hundred Years War
- Created by: SGriffin49
- Created on: 25-06-21 09:24
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- The Hundred Years War
- Long Term Causes
- In 1066 William I conquered England. He controlled Normandy in France.
- Henry II who was king from 1154-1189, controlled Normandy, Anjou (inherited form his father) and Aquitaine (acquired through marriage).
- King John lost Normandy and Anjou in 1204 leaving England only with Aquitaine. English monarchs were determined to regain their lost land.
- Short Term Causes
- Edward III became king in 1327.
- In 1328, the king of France died with no son for an heir. As he was Edward III's uncle on his mothers side Edward felt he should be King of France, However, it went to one of his uncle's cousins, Philip VI.
- France had promised to help the Scots in their fight against the English, including their fight against Edward III.
- Philip claimed Aquitaine which left Edward furious as they had now lost all of their French land.
- In 1337, Edward was ready to fight France. The fighting lasted until 1453 and became known as the Hundred Years War
- Key events in the Hundred Years War
- 1346: Battle of Crecy (English victory)
- 1346-47: Siege of Calais (English victory)
- 1356: Battle of Poitiers (English victory)
- 1415: Battle of Agincourt (English victory)
- 1428-29: Siege of Orleans (French victory)
- 1453: Battle of Castillon (French victory)
- English Successes
- By the 1340s, the long bow was the most effective weapon. Edward's officials went around the country searching for skilled archers.
- English archers won comfortably at Crecy in 1346. The English longbows were more effective than the French crossbows.
- After Crecy, the English army went to Calais and after a year of fighting took the city. This became an operations base for the rest of the war.
- The Black death caused a break in fighting for a few years. When fighting resumed, the English had another victory at Poitiers.
- English Military Leaders
- Edward the Black Prince
- Edward III's eldest son got the nickname possibly because of his dark armour.
- He was an exceptional military leader who led the armies at Crecy and Calais in 1346.
- Edward won a decisive victory at Poitiers. He also captured the King of France and sent him back to England. They charged the French a high ransom which they couldn't afford to pay.
- Henry V
- Henry V was king from 1413 to 1422.
- He was a great soldier and military leader.
- At Agincourt the French army was 5 times bigger than the English but Henry V won in under 3 hours. this gave Henry control of most of northern France.
- Edward the Black Prince
- The Tables Turn
- In 1428 the English attacked French's strongest military position at Orleans.
- The Siege of Orleans lasted 6 months. For most of this time the English had the upper hand.
- In April 1429, a French peasant girl named Joan arrived. She claimed to have had a vision where she was told to save the French from the English.
- The French allowed Joan of Arc to lead a group of men. She did well and drove the English back. The French now had the advantage.
- Henry VI sent a force to Castillon in 1453 to try and reclaim some land but it was unsuccessful. After this, the only British territory in France was Calais.
- Long Term Causes
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