The behaviourist approach
- Created by: __Jess
- Created on: 05-12-22 20:33
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- Behaviourism
- Main assumptions
- Only studies observable and measurable behaviour
- All behaviour is learned
- Animal learning is the same as human learning
- Classical conditioning
- Learning through association
- Pavlov (1927)
- An unconditioned stimulus (food) triggered an unconditioned response (salivation)
- A neutral stimulus (bell) triggers no conditioned response (no salivation)
- The neutral stimulus is paired with the unconditioned stimulus to trigger the unconditioned response
- The neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus and produces a conditioned response
- The neutral stimulus is paired with the unconditioned stimulus to trigger the unconditioned response
- A neutral stimulus (bell) triggers no conditioned response (no salivation)
- An unconditioned stimulus (food) triggered an unconditioned response (salivation)
- Operant conditioning
- Behaviour is shaped by consequences
- Skinner (1953)
- Positive reinforcement
- Receiving a reward as a result of desired behaviour
- Skinner gave rats food when they pressed a lever
- Negative reinforcement
- Avoiding something unpleasant as a result of desired behaviour
- Skinner stopped a loud noise when the rats pressed a lever
- Punishment
- An unpleasant consequence of undesired behaviour
- Skinner gave electric shocks to rats until they pressed the lever
- Positive reinforcement
- Evaluation
- Strengths
- Well-controlled research
- Real-world application
- Weaknesses
- Reductionist
- Environmental determinism
- Strengths
- Main assumptions
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