Tectonic Theory


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  • Tectonic Theory
    • Theories
      • 17th century -people noticing South America & Africa looked like they could fit together - jigsaw
        • suggestions that continents might once have been joined together
      • 1912 - Wegener proposed the theory of continental drift
        • suggested continents were once joined as a super continent - PANGAEA
        • Based his theory on geological evidence and fossil evidence
          • he couldn't back it up with a mechanism that explained how the continents moved
      • 1950s- palaemagnetism provided evidence that supported continental drift
      • 1960s- process of sea floor spreading was discovered providing the mechanism for continental drift
        • theory was then developed further by scientists -> grew into the theory of plate tectonics
    • Evidence for the theory
      • Geology
        • Areas of South America and Africa have rocks of the same age and composition
        • You can also match up the age, the rock type and distribution of mountain ranges
        • these rocks and mountains must have formed under the same conditions
      • Fossil Records
        • By fitting land masses together you can match up the distribution of some fossils
        • It's very unlikely that species migrated across thousands of miles of water or that they evolved in different places
        • Fossil records suggest that these places were joined together when the organisms were alive - hundereds of millions of years ago
      • Living Species
        • The same living organisms can also be found on different continents
      • Climatology
        • Evidence that past climates of some continents were similar - despite being thousands of miles away now
          • Suggests that they were located together and in a different place on earth to where they are now
      • Palaeo-magnetism
        • Study of the history of the Earth's magnetic field
        • Every 200,000 years the Earth's magnetic field reverses polarity
          • Provided evidence for the process of sea floor spreading

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