Surgery (1750-1900)
- Created by: lucyaa
- Created on: 27-04-17 16:54
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- Surgery (1750-1900)
- Problems
- surgery in the 1800s was dangerous
- Pain
- were awake so could lead to clinical shock- death
- patient would move
- Infection
- didn't know about microbes so didn't wash hands
- surgeons would wear same aprons for surgery
- equipment wasn't sterilised + bandages re-used
- Bleeding
- would die in surgery such as amputations
- Pain
- surgery in the 1800s was dangerous
- Pain
- solutions
- Ether- J.R. Liston
- It irritated the lungs + produced a flammable vapour
- Nitrous oxide- Sir Humphry Davy
- 1799- wasn't widely used as his findings were published in an unknown book
- Chloroform- James Simpson (1857)
- led to unexplained deaths
- get them drunk, knock them out, opium
- Ether- J.R. Liston
- opposition
- doctors thought pain was good for healing
- didn't know dosage or long term affects
- didn't understand how they worked
- led to more complex operations - more problems
- anaesthetics were accepted when Queen Victoria used chloroform for birth of 8th child
- solutions
- Infection
- solutions
- Joseph Lister
- noticed carbolic spray was used on sewage which smelled like gangrene. read Pasteur's notes.
- if spray wound, it left a thin acid layer which stopped infection (then bandaged)
- without it 46% died, with only 15% died
- opposition
- slowed down surgery, smelt bad + was less enjoyable
- doctors were defensive that they weren't causing death
- didn't show off ideas- seen as cold and arrogant
- was regarded as a fanatic- people didn't listen
- noticed carbolic spray was used on sewage which smelled like gangrene. read Pasteur's notes.
- Semmelweiss
- realised women who had babies delivered by midwives survived more than medical students
- students didn't wash hands after dissecting
- encouraged doctors to wash their hands
- students didn't wash hands after dissecting
- was regarded as a fanatic- people didn't listen
- realised women who had babies delivered by midwives survived more than medical students
- by late 1890's Lister's antiseptic methods led to aseptic surgery
- operating theatres were cleaned thoroughly
- all surgical equipment was sterilised
- sterilised rubber gloves 1st used + washed hands
- Joseph Lister
- solutions
- Bleeding
- Harvey discovered circulation of blood
- transfusions were attempted but they went wrong
- blood groups weren't discovered
- couldn't prevent blood from clotting
- infection
- Problems
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