Starch, Glycogen and Cellulose
- Created by: Wolfan Terror
- Created on: 07-12-16 10:17
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- Starch, Glycogen and Cellulose
- Starch
- Only found in plants
- The equivalent in animals is Glycogen
- Made up of chains of ?-glucose
- Linked by glycosidic bonds
- Can be branched or unbranched
- Unbranched is wound into a tight coil
- Compact, so lots can be stored in a small space
- The branched form has many ends
- These can be acted on my enzymes so the glucose monomers can be released very rapidly
- Unbranched is wound into a tight coil
- Insoluble
- Won't effect water potiental
- When hydrolysed, it forms ?-glucose
- It is easily transported
- Only found in plants
- Cellulose
- It is made of ?-glucose rather than ?-glucose
- Meaning fundamental differences in the function and structure
- ?-glucoses OH and H groups are flipped
- ?-glucoses OH and H groups are flipped
- Meaning fundamental differences in the function and structure
- Has unbranched chains that run parallel to each other
- Hydrogen bonds form cross-linkages between the chains
- The sheer amount of these bonds strengthens cellulose considerably
- Hydrogen bonds form cross-linkages between the chains
- Cellulose molecules are grouped together to form microfibrils
- These microfibrils are arranged in groups called fibres
- It is a major component of plant cell walls
- Provides rigidity to the cells shape and stops it from bursting during osmosis
- Only found in plant cells
- It is made of ?-glucose rather than ?-glucose
- Glycogen
- Found in animals and bacteria
- Compact, so a lot of it can be stored in a small space
- Sometimes called 'animal starch'
- More highly branched than starch
- More ends to be acted on by enzymes
- More glucose monomers are formed, which are used in respiration
- More ends to be acted on by enzymes
- Insoluble, so doesn't effect the cell during osmosis
- It doesn't diffuse out of cells
- Stored as small granules mainly in the muscles and liver
- Starch
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