Sociological views on education, including criticisms
A mind map of all sociological theories on education! including criticisms.
- Created by: Jessica Hewett
- Created on: 06-04-13 11:51
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- Sociological views on education...
- Functionalist
- Durkheim
- Linking individual's to society so feel part of the collective conscience.
- Secondary socialisation of norms and values.
- Division of labour established through specialised work skills.
- Parsons
- Value and fit, teaching universal values and judged against the common standard.
- Role allocation of pupils matched on there ability, so a valued consensus is reached.
- Davis and Moore
- Some individuals have greater talents and so are required in different social positions
- Most able fit most demanding jobs.
- Schools identify the most able and ensure they're trained for the demanding jobs
- Greatest Rewards = Most Able
- CRITICISMS
- Interactionalist note that education is a two way process. so not as deterministic.
- Is there really a shared consensus?
- Many school subjects are irrelevant and don't teach work skills.
- Why do class inequalities still persist if schools are meritocratic?
- Schools crush individuals into conformity.
- Durkheim
- Marxism
- Louis Althusser
- Ideological state apparatus.
- A 'smoke screen' so cannot see inequality and the lie of meritocracy.
- Bowles and Gintis
- 1) Correspondence Principle; hierarchy of authority is taught, so we are at the bottom and pushed to behave a certain way so your prepared for work.
- 2) Social Reproduction; teach future workers to know their place in capitalist society, so learn their role as workers.
- 3) Hidden Curriculum; what we learn apart from formal lessons, e.g. punctuality. This creates good workers, other examples include hierarchy and discipline.
- 4) Myth of Meritocracy; middle class students have more opportunity, and teach working class students to blame themselves for social failure rather than society.
- CRITICISMS
- Does capitalism want docile workers? They would want people to strive for jobs rather then accept the inevitable.
- Hidden cirrculum isn't so hidden.
- Many pupils do not accept treatment by schools and so rebel through choice.
- Does capitalism really control the curriculum.
- PAUL WILLIS; saw Bowles and Gintis as being too deterministic and many working class pupils 'reject' schools values and ideology they're still destined for working class jobs.
- Louis Althusser
- Liberal
- John Dewey
- Encourages individuals to develop individual skills, against rote learning and need experimental learning through doing do pupils critical to real world.
- Ivan Illich
- Deschooling society, schools and factories and individuality is crushed, should teach with mentors and not learn a stifling curriculum.
- John Dewey
- Social Democratic
- A.H.Halsey
- Equality of Opportunity; against free market economy as promotes inequalities.
- The class system is bad as it produces further inequalities.
- Theodore .W Shulz
- Skills and knowledge are a form of capital.
- more money to be spent on education as increases productivity and efficiency.
- e.g. Farming, uneducated work force will only produce goods, if educated then can understand better so efficiency and productivity increase.
- CRITICISMS
- Schoold fail to teach about work and so don't meet employers requirements
- Spending too much on higher education limits the support
- WOOLF; no clear line in spending and economic growth
- Egypt; spent a lot on education, no growth. Switzerland; rich country yet not a lot spent on education.
- A.H.Halsey
- Neo-liberal and New Right
- Cubb and Moe
- Free market economy, parents can only show unhappiness through moving or private schools
- Those who run education don't want change as it cost money, Government departments encourage spending so they have more money.
- Private schools are self funding and so if fails is shut down
- Public Choice theory; everyone acts in own interest.
- Brown and Lauder
- Marketization of schools mean competition and choice, so standars increase, this means successful schools stay and failing schools close.
- Publish school performance so people have more choice.
- CRITICISMS
- Education market is unfair as some people have more knowledge on it than others.
- Raising standards means a higher class divide
- Cream skimming in popular schools
- Education is based on exam success when should be on equal skills and knowledge.
- Cubb and Moe
- Functionalist
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