Social Learning Theory
- Created by: Aimee W x
- Created on: 01-10-21 13:12
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- SLT
- Albert bandura built on behaviourist approach and argued people can learn indirectly through observation.
- (1) vicarious reinforcement: if an individual observes a behaviour being reinforced they are liekly to imitate these behaviours themselves
- observers have seen the punishment and consequences of behaviour being observed
- (2) identification and modelling: more likely to imitate behviour of those they identify with (role models) - process called modelling.
- role model- seen to posses similar characteristics to observer, are attractive or have higher status. models may also be symbolic.
- (3) role of mediational processes: bandura argued mental processes were involved in learning. these metal processes mediate in the learning process to determine whether a new response is acquired.
- 4 mediational processes are: attentions, retention, reproduction and motivation.
- (1) vicarious reinforcement: if an individual observes a behaviour being reinforced they are liekly to imitate these behaviours themselves
- banduras bobo doll experiment: aimed to see if role models can influence behaviour when no longer present.
- it involved half a group of children being shown an aggressive adult model and half being shown a non aggressive model. they were taken to a room where there was a bobo doll.
- researchers then observed the children for 20 minutes. behaviour was then rated on a scale of aggression and inter-rater reliability was found.
- findings: those who observed the aggressive model reproduced the aggression towards the bobo dolll whereas those who obsereved non aggressive showed no aggression.
- also a greater level of imitation if the role model was the same gender as the child.
- concluded: obsevring aggressive models can lead to aggressive behaviours being shown.
- also a greater level of imitation if the role model was the same gender as the child.
- findings: those who observed the aggressive model reproduced the aggression towards the bobo dolll whereas those who obsereved non aggressive showed no aggression.
- researchers then observed the children for 20 minutes. behaviour was then rated on a scale of aggression and inter-rater reliability was found.
- it involved half a group of children being shown an aggressive adult model and half being shown a non aggressive model. they were taken to a room where there was a bobo doll.
- Evaluations:
- strength is that it is scientific. observable and measurable behaviour. EG: banduras bobo doll. (+) supported by empirical evidence.
- has practical applications: identification and modelling used to encourage positive behaviour. EG: similarity of a model in an anti- alcohol advert increases effectiveness of message. (+)used to improve everyday behaviour.
- largely based on evidence from young children in laboratory settings: banduras study may have been influenced by demand characteristics. EG: main purpise of bobo doll is to strike it, children acting in a way which was expected. (-) theory may be based on flawed evidence.
- praised for being less reductionist than behaviourist. it incorporated internal cognitive factors and how these interact with external influences. EG: argues identification and modelling can mediate environmental learning. (+) a more holistic approach than behaviourist.
- largely based on evidence from young children in laboratory settings: banduras study may have been influenced by demand characteristics. EG: main purpise of bobo doll is to strike it, children acting in a way which was expected. (-) theory may be based on flawed evidence.
- Albert bandura built on behaviourist approach and argued people can learn indirectly through observation.
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