Social influence key studies
- Created by: rchapman99
- Created on: 26-06-17 21:58
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- Social influence - key studies
- Asch (1951): conformity on an unambiguous task
- Control trials wrong 0.7% of the time.
- Critical trials: conformed 37% of the time.
- 75% conformed at least once.
- Critical trials: conformed 37% of the time.
- 37% were wrong on the critical trials.
- Conformed due to normative social influence.
- Control condition showed that it was easy to get right.
- Conformed due to normative social influence.
- Laboratory experiment - easily repeat the study.
- Laboratory experiment - good control of the variables; minimises the effects of extraneous variables.
- Ethics - deceived or embarrassed when they found out the true nature of the study.
- Natural situation - lacks ecological validity; whether they were right or wrong, they may have been less likely to conform if their answer had had real-life consequences.
- Ethics - deceived or embarrassed when they found out the true nature of the study.
- Laboratory experiment - good control of the variables; minimises the effects of extraneous variables.
- Control trials wrong 0.7% of the time.
- Zimbardo (1973): conformity to social roles
- 123 male students.
- Guards or prisoners.
- Behaviour observed.
- Prisoners: arrested, taken to prison, uniform & numbers.
- Guards: uniforms & mirrored sunglasses.
- Guards or prisoners.
- Guards asserted their authority.
- 123 male students.
- Milgram (1963): obedience to authority
- Yale university.
- 40 male volunteers.
- Teacher & learner.
- 15v to 450v - ***
- Word pairs - incorrect = shock.
- Lab experiment; wore a lab coat.
- Confederate had hand on a shock plate.
- + 300v = no further responses - 'prods' to continue.
- Confederate had hand on a shock plate.
- Lab experiment; wore a lab coat.
- Word pairs - incorrect = shock.
- 15v to 450v - ***
- Teacher & learner.
- 40 male volunteers.
- 100% went to 300v.
- 65% went to 450v.
- Stress: sweating, groaning & trembling.
- 65% went to 450v.
- Ordinary people obey orders to hurt others even if it is against their conscience.
- Yale university.
- Moscovici (1961): minority influence
- Consistent group: 8.4% green - adopted. 32% said green.
- Minority = confederates - influenced real participants.
- Asch (1951): conformity on an unambiguous task
- 8 participants: 1 real and 7 confederates.
- Laboratory experiment with an independent groups design.
- Judge line lengths.
- Control group: judged the line in isolation.
- 18 trials & 12 were critical: all the confederates gave the same wrong answer.
- Control group: judged the line in isolation.
- Judge line lengths.
- Asch (1951): conformity on an unambiguous task
- Control trials wrong 0.7% of the time.
- Critical trials: conformed 37% of the time.
- 75% conformed at least once.
- Critical trials: conformed 37% of the time.
- 37% were wrong on the critical trials.
- Conformed due to normative social influence.
- Control condition showed that it was easy to get right.
- Conformed due to normative social influence.
- Laboratory experiment - easily repeat the study.
- Laboratory experiment - good control of the variables; minimises the effects of extraneous variables.
- Ethics - deceived or embarrassed when they found out the true nature of the study.
- Natural situation - lacks ecological validity; whether they were right or wrong, they may have been less likely to conform if their answer had had real-life consequences.
- Ethics - deceived or embarrassed when they found out the true nature of the study.
- Laboratory experiment - good control of the variables; minimises the effects of extraneous variables.
- Control trials wrong 0.7% of the time.
- Laboratory experiment with an independent groups design.
- Prisoners resisted = nastier punishments.
- Abandoned as some prisoners became distressed.
- Guards asserted their authority.
- Social roles can influence behaviour.
- Both adopted their social roles quickly.
- Well-balanced men became unpleasant & aggressive being guard.
- Zimbardo (1973): conformity to social roles
- 123 male students.
- Guards or prisoners.
- Behaviour observed.
- Prisoners: arrested, taken to prison, uniform & numbers.
- Guards: uniforms & mirrored sunglasses.
- Guards or prisoners.
- 123 male students.
- Both adopted their social roles quickly.
- Unethical - participants found the experience very distressing.
- Observable bias - Zimbardo ran the prison & was too personally involved.
- Doesn't explain why only some acted according to their roles.
- Artificial environment - not generalisable to real-life situations.
- Controlled observation - good control of variables.
- Controlled observation - good control of variables.
- Artificial environment - not generalisable to real-life situations.
- Ethics - deceived as to the true nature of the study so no informed consent.
- Ecological validity - unlikely to occur in real life.
- Lab experiment - good control of variables.
- Internal validity - going along with it; demand characteristics.
- Milgram (1963): obedience to authority
- Yale university.
- 40 male volunteers.
- Teacher & learner.
- 15v to 450v - ***
- Word pairs - incorrect = shock.
- Lab experiment; wore a lab coat.
- Confederate had hand on a shock plate.
- + 300v = no further responses - 'prods' to continue.
- Confederate had hand on a shock plate.
- Lab experiment; wore a lab coat.
- Word pairs - incorrect = shock.
- 15v to 450v - ***
- Teacher & learner.
- 40 male volunteers.
- 100% went to 300v.
- 65% went to 450v.
- Stress: sweating, groaning & trembling.
- 65% went to 450v.
- Ordinary people obey orders to hurt others even if it is against their conscience.
- Yale university.
- Milgram (1963): obedience to authority
- Ecological validity - unlikely to occur in real life.
- 192 women.
- Control group = no confederates.
- Judge colour of 36 slides. Blue but different brightness.
- Lab experiment.
- Moscovici (1961): minority influence
- Consistent group: 8.4% green - adopted. 32% said green.
- Minority = confederates - influenced real participants.
- Moscovici (1961): minority influence
- Control group = no confederates.
- Control group: 0.25% green all the time.
- Inconsistent group: 1.25% green.
- Control group - influenced the others.
- Artificial - lab experiment so lacked ecological validity.
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