Schizophrenia Classification & Issues
- Created by: Jessica Harrington
- Created on: 12-03-13 15:54
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- Schizophrenia Classification & Issues
- Issues
- Bias
- Historical
- Homosexuality mental disorder until 1973 in America.
- Gender
- Women more likely to be diagonised as psychiatricall ill, clinically depressed, and hysterical than men.
- Culture
- Misinterpretation of norm behaviours in another culture.
- Nations use different systems which leads to poor inter-rater reliablity due to differences in the system.
- Fernando: black people more likely to be diagnosed and given ECT.
- Classification of illness associated with 'madness' leads to stigma and prejudice of individual.
- Historical
- Reliability
- External
- Diagnosis changes over time & Classification systems change.
- Homosexuality mental disorder until 1973 in America.
- Diagnosis changes over time & Classification systems change.
- Inter-rater
- Lack of consistency between 2 systems & what they take into account.
- DSM needs symptoms for 6 months. ICD needs them for 1 month.
- DSM has 'optional' symptoms. DIsorder is not clear cut
- Rosenhan Study proves there is inter-rater reliability, all doctors diagnosed the same.
- Lack of consistency between 2 systems & what they take into account.
- Baca-Garcia: 69.6% PPV for sz. A lot lower than mood disorders.
- POOR RELIABILITY AFFECTS VALIDITY
- Validity
- Professionals ability to diagnose.
- Baca-Garcia: 69.9% PPV for sz.
- Rosenhan Study:
- Diagnosed pseudopatients.
- pseudopatients showed sz symptoms so should have been diagnosed as they were.
- Having 2 classification systems.
- changes over time so incorrect.
- Differences between systems so diagnosing different things.
- 'Optional' symptoms of DSM so unsure what are proper characteristics.
- Subtypes mean it is hard to explain what sz really is.
- Bentall: suggests scrapping whole idea of sz as single disorder.
- Professionals ability to diagnose.
- Allardyce et al: 1) delusions/ hallucinations can be normal 2) range of symptoms in different combinations. Overlap with different disorders. 3) are + and - symptoms part of same disorder.
- Validity
- External
- Validity
- Professionals ability to diagnose.
- Baca-Garcia: 69.9% PPV for sz.
- Rosenhan Study:
- Diagnosed pseudopatients.
- pseudopatients showed sz symptoms so should have been diagnosed as they were.
- Having 2 classification systems.
- changes over time so incorrect.
- Differences between systems so diagnosing different things.
- 'Optional' symptoms of DSM so unsure what are proper characteristics.
- Subtypes mean it is hard to explain what sz really is.
- Bentall: suggests scrapping whole idea of sz as single disorder.
- Professionals ability to diagnose.
- Bias
- Issues
- Classification
- Schizophrenia Classification & Issues
- Issues
- Bias
- Historical
- Gender
- Women more likely to be diagonised as psychiatricall ill, clinically depressed, and hysterical than men.
- Culture
- Misinterpretation of norm behaviours in another culture.
- Nations use different systems which leads to poor inter-rater reliablity due to differences in the system.
- Fernando: black people more likely to be diagnosed and given ECT.
- Classification of illness associated with 'madness' leads to stigma and prejudice of individual.
- Historical
- Reliability
- External
- Diagnosis changes over time & Classification systems change.
- Diagnosis changes over time & Classification systems change.
- Inter-rater
- Lack of consistency between 2 systems & what they take into account.
- DSM needs symptoms for 6 months. ICD needs them for 1 month.
- DSM has 'optional' symptoms. DIsorder is not clear cut
- Rosenhan Study proves there is inter-rater reliability, all doctors diagnosed the same.
- Lack of consistency between 2 systems & what they take into account.
- Baca-Garcia: 69.6% PPV for sz. A lot lower than mood disorders.
- POOR RELIABILITY AFFECTS VALIDITY
- Allardyce et al: 1) delusions/ hallucinations can be normal 2) range of symptoms in different combinations. Overlap with different disorders. 3) are + and - symptoms part of same disorder.
- External
- Bias
- Issues
- Acute onset: obvious signs appear suddenly. Triggered by stressful event. Fast deterioration.
- Bleuler suggested the 4 A's: associaion, ambivalence, autism and affect.
- Schizophrenia Classification & Issues
- Chronic onset: gradually looses drive/motivation. Drifts away from friends. SLow deterioration. More obvious signs of disturbance appear.
- Classification
- Acute onset: obvious signs appear suddenly. Triggered by stressful event. Fast deterioration.
- Bleuler suggested the 4 A's: associaion, ambivalence, autism and affect.
- Classification
- Positive Symptoms: delusions, thought disorders, hallucinations and perceptions of control.
- Negative Symptoms: flattening of affect, speech disorders, reduced/no motivation and catatonia.
- General sz: thought disorders, distorted perception of reality, inappropriate emotions and responses, poor interpersonal skills.
- 5 sub-types od sz: disorganised, paranoid, catatonic, undifferent, residual.
- Disorganised thoughts, Incoherant speech, Silly behaviour (unpredictable), O, R, G, Affect flatterned, Normally diagnosed in adolescents, Ignores personal hygience, Sometimes violent, E, Delusions and hallunciations.
- Paranoia delusions, Auditory hallucinations, R, Agitated, angry and violent, Normal personality, Organised speech, Incorporation of delusions and trivial ocurances, Delusions of grandeur.
- 5 sub-types od sz: disorganised, paranoid, catatonic, undifferent, residual.
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