Stages of attachment: Schaffer and Emerson
- Created by: emmarhianne
- Created on: 25-03-17 12:49
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- Schaffer and Emerson: Stages of attachment
- Aim: Describe stages of attachment. Sample: 0 mothers and infants from skilled working class families in Glasgow. Method: Both were observed in their homes every months for 12 months and then once at 18 months. Mothers were interviewed and data was collected on separation anxiety and stranger anxiety.
- Findings: 80% babies showed separation anxiety by age of 6-8 months to one attachment figure. By 18 months, 87% of babies had at least 2 attachments.
- Conclusion: There appears to be a pattern of attachment seen in all infants. Those who were sensitive to the infants needs were more likely to form an attachment.
- Findings: 80% babies showed separation anxiety by age of 6-8 months to one attachment figure. By 18 months, 87% of babies had at least 2 attachments.
- Pre-attachment: 0-3 months: Smile at anyone, behaviour towards humans and objects are similar, towards end they start to prefer humans over objects.
- Indiscriminate: 3-7/8 months: Prefer familiar to unfamiliar faces, accept comfort from any adult, enjoy being around humans.
- Discriminate: 7/8months: Develop a primary attachment to one caregiver, shows separation anxiety, shows stranger anxiety.
- Multiple: 9+months: Form secondary attachment with other caregivers, anxiety surrounding strangers weaken.
- Discriminate: 7/8months: Develop a primary attachment to one caregiver, shows separation anxiety, shows stranger anxiety.
- Indiscriminate: 3-7/8 months: Prefer familiar to unfamiliar faces, accept comfort from any adult, enjoy being around humans.
- There are issues with actually measuring the multiple attachment stage. Bowlby argued children become upset when playmates leave but they are not necessarily attachment figures. This weakens this study as playmates aren't caregivers but children have attachments to them, therefore showing they aren't that accurate.
- The stages were developed on a biased sample: 60 mothers form skilled working class families in Glasgow, therefore, can't generalise to other mothers and infants from different places and backgrounds
- The stages of attachment have been developed from data that may be unreliable. Mothers were observed and interviewed about their infant's attachment and data was collected on separation and stranger anxiety. Therefore mothers would be biased and may think thei child is becoming more attached when they're not.
- Aim: Describe stages of attachment. Sample: 0 mothers and infants from skilled working class families in Glasgow. Method: Both were observed in their homes every months for 12 months and then once at 18 months. Mothers were interviewed and data was collected on separation anxiety and stranger anxiety.
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