Asocial stage: Bias towards human-like stimuli. They do not prefer certain people to others
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Stage 2 (3-7 months)
Indiscriminate attachment: Become a lot more sociable, they enjoy human attention. They allow strangers to interact with them.
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Stage 3 (7 months onwards)
Specific attachment: They become attached to one specific individual. They show separation protest and stranger anxiety.
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Stage 4 (9 months onwards)
Multiple attachment: They began to form attachments to other familiar figures, such as siblings.
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Schaffer & Emerson (1964): Development of attachment
-Longitudial study of 60 infants. Attachment was measured by: Separation protest and Stranger anxiety. Data was collected through direct observations and records kept by mothers.
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Schaffer & Emerson Findings
-Found that most showed separation protest 6-8 months. Strongly attached infants had mothers who responded to their needs. 29% had a secondary attachment within a month of forming primary attachments. 39% prime attachment was not to main caregiver.
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Schaffer & Emerson Positive Evaluation
-Able to see progression. -Primary & secondary data is used -Mothers are debriefed and informed consent in gained
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Schaffer & Emerson Negative Evaluation
-Not representative and generalisations can't be made. -Investigator effects. -Social desirability bias in mother's reports. -stranger anxiety can cause distress and later problems.
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The role of the father
Infants form secondary attachments to their other family members, including the father.
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Role of the father Evidence
Schaffer & Emerson: 18 month year olds showed separation protest when father left the room.
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Role of the father
Fathers are more play focused. Play is important for the child's future development.
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Role of the father Evidence
Grossman (2002): For fathers, quality of play during childhood influences adolescent attachment, not the quality of attachments.
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Single Parent: Role of the father
They quickly adapt to nurturing primary caregiver role. It is the level of sensitive responsiveness that it important for nurturing attachment, not gender.
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Single Parent: Role of the Father
Differences between genders: Behaviour is
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Indiscriminate attachment: Become a lot more sociable, they enjoy human attention. They allow strangers to interact with them.
Back
Stage 2 (3-7 months)
Card 3
Front
Specific attachment: They become attached to one specific individual. They show separation protest and stranger anxiety.
Back
Card 4
Front
Multiple attachment: They began to form attachments to other familiar figures, such as siblings.
Back
Card 5
Front
-Longitudial study of 60 infants. Attachment was measured by: Separation protest and Stranger anxiety. Data was collected through direct observations and records kept by mothers.
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