Retrieval failure (P7)
- Created by: Lishamxrie
- Created on: 21-01-19 18:42
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- Retrieval failure
- Absence of cues
- Lack of cues can cause retrieval failure
- Cues are stored at the same time as info
- If these cues are not available at recall, we may not be able to access memories
- Encoding specificity principle
- Tolving suggests that cues help retrieval if the same cues are present at encoding and retrieval
- The closer the retrieval cue is to the original the better recall is
- Some cues have meaning linked to the memory
- the cue STM may lead you to recall all sorts of information about short term memory
- Lack of cues can cause retrieval failure
- Evaluation
- Strengths
- A lot of evidence supports RF
- e.g. Godden and Baddeley
- High validity
- Conducted in real life situations
- Context related cues have real life applications
- Context reinstatement during cognitive interview
- E.g. going upstairs and forgetting why you did
- A lot of evidence supports RF
- Weaknesses
- Context effects aren't actually very strong in real life
- Baddeley: argued that different contexts had to be very different before an effect is seen
- Context effects only occurs when memory is tested in certain ways
- Godden and Baddeley recreated their underwater test for recognition instead of recall
- there was no context dependent effect
- Performance was the same in all 4 conditions
- Limits retrival failure as an explanation for forgetting because the presents or absence of cues only effects memory when you test recall rather than recognition
- Godden and Baddeley recreated their underwater test for recognition instead of recall
- Encoding specificity principle (ESP) cannot be tested and leads to circular reasoning
- there is no way to independently establish whether or not the cue had actually been encoded
- We can only assume that the cues were/were not present
- there is no way to independently establish whether or not the cue had actually been encoded
- Context effects aren't actually very strong in real life
- Strengths
- Absence of cues
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