receptors

?
  • Created by: sb2.0
  • Created on: 02-05-17 12:19
View mindmap
  • Receptors
    • Pacinian corpuscle
      • responds to mechanical pressure
      • acts as transducer
      • neurone ending in center surrounded by tissue layers
        • 1. Pressure applied
          • 2. stretches, widening Na+ channels
            • 3. Na+ diffuse in, membrane = depolorised
              • 4. action potential forms
    • Receptor= a structure on a surface membrane that binds with another substance
    • Receptor= a cell adapted to detect a change in the environment
      • Receptor= a structure on a surface membrane that binds with another substance
    • Proteins
      • enzymes
        • act from receptor sites on DNA
    • homeostasis
      • Blood glucose
        • Monitored by the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas
          • Receptors= a cells, b cells
          • CYCLE
      • Water potential
        • Osmoreceptors (brain)
      • Temperature
        • Thermoreceptors (skin)
          • Controlled by the hypothalamus
            • shiverring
            • change in skin hairs
            • vasodilation/vasoconstriction
    • reflex arc
      • 1. stimulus (thermoreceptors)
        • 2. receptor detects stimulus (increased temp)
          • 3. sensory neurone (sends impulse)
            • 4. intermediate neurone (CNS)
              • 5. Motor neurone (sends impulse to effector)
    • Eye
      • Rod cells (B&W) - lots, conc. at the fovea
        • can't distinguish between different wavelengths of light
      • Cone cells (C) - few, spread out at the peripharey
        • light receptors
          • Rod cells (B&W) - lots, conc. at the fovea
            • can't distinguish between different wavelengths of light
        • colour due to different types stimulated, 1 cone cell - 1 bipolar neurone = clear vision
    • Glycoproteins
      • Proteins
        • enzymes
          • act from receptor sites on DNA
      • on surface, different types on different cells
      • protein with a carbohydrate attached
  • Cancer = uncontrolled cell growth
    • Breast Cancer (increased oestrogen)
    • Receptors
      • Pacinian corpuscle
        • responds to mechanical pressure
        • acts as transducer
        • neurone ending in center surrounded by tissue layers
          • 1. Pressure applied
            • 2. stretches, widening Na+ channels
              • 3. Na+ diffuse in, membrane = depolorised
                • 4. action potential forms
      • Receptor= a cell adapted to detect a change in the environment
        • homeostasis
          • Blood glucose
            • Monitored by the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas
              • Receptors= a cells, b cells
              • CYCLE
          • Water potential
            • Osmoreceptors (brain)
          • Temperature
            • Thermoreceptors (skin)
              • Controlled by the hypothalamus
                • shiverring
                • change in skin hairs
                • vasodilation/vasoconstriction
        • reflex arc
          • 1. stimulus (thermoreceptors)
            • 2. receptor detects stimulus (increased temp)
              • 3. sensory neurone (sends impulse)
                • 4. intermediate neurone (CNS)
                  • 5. Motor neurone (sends impulse to effector)
        • Eye
          • Cone cells (C) - few, spread out at the peripharey
            • light receptors
              • colour due to different types stimulated, 1 cone cell - 1 bipolar neurone = clear vision
          • Glycoproteins
            • on surface, different types on different cells
            • protein with a carbohydrate attached
      • Normal
        • Normal
          • more glucose from diet
        • rise detected,b cells, insulin produced
          • Increased cell respiration
      • glucose to glycogen
      • glucose to fat
      • amino acids to glucose (gluconeogenesis)
      • 6. effector (causes change)
        • 7. response (best for survival)
      • Synapse transmission
        • neuromuscular junction (same as s but with it attached to a muscle membrane)
        • 1. action potential enters the presynaptic neurone
          • 2. calcium ion channels open allowing Ca2+ ions to enter (facillitated diffusion)
            • 3. synaptic vesicles fuse with the presynaptic membrane, releasing neurotransmitter (acetylcholine)
              • 4. Neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft, then binds to a receptor on Na+ ion channels on the post synaptic membrane
                • 5. Na+ channels open, Na+ ions diffuse into post synaptic vescicle
                  • 6. Na+ influx generates a new action potential
                    • 7. Neurotransmitter hydrolyses, diffuses back into pre synaptic neurone , reforms due to ATP from mitochondria
      • 4. Neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft, then binds to a receptor on Na+ ion channels on the post synaptic membrane
        • 5. Na+ channels open, Na+ ions diffuse into post synaptic vescicle
          • 6. Na+ influx generates a new action potential
            • 7. Neurotransmitter hydrolyses, diffuses back into pre synaptic neurone , reforms due to ATP from mitochondria
      • nearly everything(water, salts, glucose, urea, etc.) removed from blood
        • useful products reabsorbed
      • Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
        • low water potential
          • more ADH released =distal convoluted tuble more permeable = more water reabsorbed
        • high water potential
        • controlled by the hypothalamus
          • kidneys (effector) - see diagrams in notes
            • nearly everything(water, salts, glucose, urea, etc.) removed from blood
              • useful products reabsorbed
      • increased oestrogen = more transcription
        • oestrogen binds to receptor site on transcription factor
          • activates DNA binding site, dif. shape
            • transcription factor binds to DNA
              • binds to promoter sequence of DNA
                • transcription occurs
                  • more protein produced
                    • normally proto-oncogene/oncogene transcribed
                      • increased cell division

      Comments

      No comments have yet been made

      Similar Biology resources:

      See all Biology resources »See all Receptors resources »