Psychology: Attachment (with links to case studies)
- Created by: ArronK99
- Created on: 28-04-16 17:25
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- Psychology: Attachment
- Animal attachment
- Harlow's monkeys
- Lorenz's geese
- Types of attachment
- insecure resistant
- Little or no stranger/ separation anxiety. Can be comforted by a stranger.
- Secure
- High stranger and separation anxiety, easily comforted
- Insecure avoidant
- High separation / stranger anxiety. Often uneasy around PCG and cant be comforted by PCG or stranger
- The strange situation
- Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg
- The strange situation
- insecure resistant
- Attachment
- Infant / caregiver interactions
- Interactional synchrony
- Mother and infant repeat each other's actions and emotions in a synchronised way
- Reciprocity
- Both respond to each others signals and get a response from the other
- Interactional synchrony
- Stages of attachment
- 3: Discriminate; infant can form a strong attachment to an individual (primary CG) (7-11 months)
- 1: pre-attachment; the baby can tell the difference between people and objects but has no preference (0-3 months)
- 4: multiple attachment; infant can form attachment to many people, some stronger than others and for different purposes (9 months)
- 2: Indiscriminate; the infant can recognise and distinguish people, but has no preference (6 weeks-7 months)
- Infant / caregiver interactions
- Disruption of attachment
- Maternal deprivation
- The emotional and intellectual effects of log-term separation from the PCG during the critical period
- Bowlby's 44 thieves
- Deprivation: where an attachment was formed but is now broken
- Privation: when an attachment was never formed
- Maternal deprivation
- Effects of institutions
- Romanian Orphans (ERA)
- Learning difficulties and development issues e.g. mental retardation or speech difficulties
- Example Czech Twins
- Exapmle Genie
- Explanations of attachment
- Bowlby
- Critical period: the time in which an attachment will form (if at all)
- Monotropy: We form one main attachment, from which we can develop more
- Internal working model: the template we have for all future attachments, can change and develop depending on how a persons relationships change
- Learning theory
- C.conditioning getting food gives the baby pleasure, and the baby learns to associate it's mother with food, so is happy when it sees it's mother
- O.conditioning babies feel discomfort when hungry, and want food to remove the discomfort. They will cry and their mum will feed them, removing the discomfort (negative reinforcement)
- Evaluation
- supporting research.
- Reductionist. Animal studies (difficult to generalise)
- Bowlby
- Animal attachment
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