Psychodynamic Approach - summary

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  • PSYCHO- DYNAMIC
    • Methodology
      • Free association
        • Trying to uncover unconcious desires
      • Case studies
        • Qualititative data
        • Not reliable or replicable
      • Observations
      • Questionnaires
      • Interviews
      • Experiments
      • Dream analysis
      • Slips of the tongue
      • Psychoanalysis
    • Correlation designs
      • Used to test his theories (Freud)
      • Shows a relationship between variables
      • Positive correlation
        • Both variables rise together
      • Negative correlation
        • One variable rises and the other falls
      • Spearman's Rank
        • Perfect positive correlation = +1
        • Perfect negative correlation=    -1
        • No correlation = 0
    • Data
      • Nominal
        • Categories are recorded e.g. yes/no answers
      • Ordinal
        • Ranked data e.g. rating something on a scale
      • Interval/ratio data
        • Real measurement e.g. height or time
    • Designs
      • LONGITUDINAL
        • Studies that follow participants over a set amount of time
        • Comparisons can be made
        • Useful for looking at developmental trends
        • Same participants - results not biased
        • Difficult to keep all participants for each measurement - some can drop out
        • Researcher may change over time - relationship with participants affected
      • CROSS-SECTIONAL
        • Measures taken at one moment of time
        • Cross-section of population if chosen then results are compared
        • Gather immediate results
        • Cheaper - researcher only has to be in area once
        • Easier to organise
        • Participant variables
        • Many variables that cannot be controlled
    • Content
      • Freud's theory of personality
        • Id, ego, superego
      • Defence mechanisms
        • Repression
        • Denial
        • Displacement
      • Freud's five stages of psychosexual development
        • Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
      • Freud's explanation of gender development
        • The Oedipus Complex
        • The Electra Complex
      • Contrasting Freud's explanation of gender development with other theories (biological and learning approaches)
    • Studies in detail
      • Little Hans 1909
      • Axline - Dibs - play therapy 1964
    • Key issue
      • Do dreams have meanings?

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