Protein Topic- Mindmap
Comprehensive, detailed mindmap for the topic of Proteins in AS biology. I follow the CCEA specification.
- Created by: Lisa - Team GR
- Created on: 22-09-13 21:28
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- PROTEIN
- Structure
- Primary
- Number, type and sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain
- Secondary
- beta-pleated sheet
- More rigid and less flexible than the helix
- e.g. collagen (tendons and skin), myosin (muscles)
- Typical of structural proteins
- alpha helix
- High tensile strength
- 3.6 amino acid residues per turn of the helix
- Shape of the polypeptide chain (maintained by hydrogen bonds)
- beta-pleated sheet
- Tertiary
- Precise, globular, compact, 3D shape
- Maintained by four types of bond
- Disulphide
- R groups of Sulphur
- Ionic
- Amino and carboxyl groups
- Hydrophobic
- Involving amino acids with hydrophobic R groups
- Hydrogen
- Many present but weak, easily broken
- Disulphide
- the fold of the polypeptide chain
- Quaternary
- Two or more polypeptide chains become bonded together
- Make up PROTEIN
- e.g.haemoglobin - has four polypeptide chains
- Two or more polypeptide chains become bonded together
- Primary
- Contains the elements Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen (and possibly sulphur)
- Amino acids
- Monomers of PROTEIN
- Shape and properties of protein are decided by the sequence of it's amino acids
- Two for a dipeptide
- Three or more form a polypeptide
- 20 different types
- Structure
- Amino/amine group
- Carboxyl group
- Hydrogen
- Variable residue (R-) group
- Amphoteric: can act as an acid and a base
- Role as buffer
- Monomers of PROTEIN
- Polypeptide
- Amino acids joined by Peptide bonds
- Formed via condensation
- Broken down via hydrolysis
- Structure and Function
- Fibrous
- Little/no tertiary structure
- Usually insoluble in water
- Many structural roles (physically tough)
- e.g. keratin (hair and nails) and collagen (skin, tendons, ligaments)
- Globular
- Complex tertiary and sometimes quaternary structures
- Spherical globular shape
- Soluble- hydrophobic side chains
- Role in metabolic reactions
- E.g. enzymes, haemoglobin, hormones (insulin) and antibodies
- Haemoglobin
- 2 alpha chains and 2 beta chains
- Nearly spherical
- Each polypeptide chain has a haem group wihich contains the iron
- Conjugated
- Haemoglobin
- 2 alpha chains and 2 beta chains
- Nearly spherical
- Each polypeptide chain has a haem group wihich contains the iron
- Have a non-protein (prosthetic) group
- e.g. glycoproteins
- Haemoglobin
- Fibrous
- Structure
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