African-American Progress by 1950: Social, economic and political equality
- Created by: Grace
- Created on: 19-04-14 14:14
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- Progress by 1950
- Social
- Progress
- Harlem Renaissance - jazz musicians (Duke Ellington) - RISING SELF CONFIDENCE!
- Education - Tuskagee Institute, Fisk College and Howard College were set up to educate blacks.
- New black leaders - e.g. Marcus Garvey - blacker was better.
- Problems
- Blacks still not treated as equals.
- In 1896 Plessey V. Ferguson - blacks were separate but equal.
- Progress was in the North - Jim Crow Laws in the South.
- 1881 - 1915 most facilities such as trains, streetcars, restaurants, schools, churches, cemeteries, theatres, stations and parks became segregated by state laws.
- More money spent on white facilities than black.
- Blacks live in ghettoes - higher rents for blacks.
- Blacks still not treated as equals.
- Progress
- Political
- Progress
- 13th Amendment - abolished slavery in 1865.
- Not implemented in the South.
- 14th Amendment - granted citizenship to all former male slaves in 1868.
- Not implemented in the South.
- 15th Amendment - the right to vote 'shall not e denied... on account of race, colour, or previous condition of servitude.
- 1944 Smith V. Allwright - declared the exclusion of blacks from primaries unconstitutional (under the terms of the 15th Amendment).
- In 1896 Plessey V. Ferguson - blacks were separate but equal.
- US Justice Department set up a Civil Rights Section in 1875 to challenge lynching's.
- In the South 1940-47 the number of blacks who voted increased from 3% to 12%.
- Voting restrictions: literacy tests, poll taxes (blacks could not afford them) and grandfather clauses.
- 13th Amendment - abolished slavery in 1865.
- Problems
- Whites wished to limit the power of blacks by 'gerrymandering' - difficult for blacks to gain a majority based on the way constituencies were divided up.
- Voting restrictions: literacy tests, poll taxes (blacks could not afford them) and grandfather clauses.
- Progress
- Economic
- Progress
- 'Great Migration' in the North - WWI and WWII - chance for blacks and whites to live together.
- Fair employment practices commission was set up.
- 213 cases it heard were dismissed.
- Set an important precedent which allowed blacks to challenge unfair discrimination
- 213 cases it heard were dismissed.
- Roosevelt's New Deal - provided jobs, training and housing schemes for blacks.
- Problems
- Mot slaves staying in sharecropping and penniless labour.
- Poorly paid and were often the last to be employed and the first to be sacked
- Progress
- Social
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