production, productivity, and efficiency
- Created by: Chloelxcke
- Created on: 12-01-18 20:43
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- production, productivity, and efficiency
- methods of production
- job production
- to produce one item at a time, labour intensive requiring very skilled workers. The item stays still and the worker moves around it
- advantages
- bespoke, unique, one - off, to your measurements or specification, e.g. a kitchen
- very motivated workers & simple production organisation
- disadvantages
- skilled labour and craftsmen are expensive
- wide range of tools required
- long lead time between starting and finishing
- high selling costs
- advantages
- to produce one item at a time, labour intensive requiring very skilled workers. The item stays still and the worker moves around it
- batch production
- to make more than one item at a time, goods are made in batches and can be switched over to make something else, e.g. bread factors makes more than just bread
- advantages
- production can be changed to meet customers needs or fluctuations in demand
- standard production of items means it can be merchandised, less labour than job
- employees specialise so become good at their job
- lower skilled workforce means lower wages can be paid
- disadvantages
- small batches carry higher unit costs
- workers may be less motivated with repetitive work
- idle time between batches needs to be managed as this is wastage
- advantages
- to make more than one item at a time, goods are made in batches and can be switched over to make something else, e.g. bread factors makes more than just bread
- flow production
- production that is organised so that the items are made to flow around the factory in a continuous process until finished, e.g. a car manufacture, large quantities made, semi skilled staff used
- disadvantages
- high set up costs to buy the factory and machinery
- low motivation of staff due to repetitive tasks
- break downs and lost production can be costly
- advantages
- average costs are lower because high volumes being made = economies of scale
- automated and computerised production means improved quality and complex designs can be made in shorter times
- as production is continuous, stock and products don't need to be held - can use a JIT system
- disadvantages
- production that is organised so that the items are made to flow around the factory in a continuous process until finished, e.g. a car manufacture, large quantities made, semi skilled staff used
- cell production
- the production of items are organised into groups and then teams are set at workstations and see the product through to completion. workers with different skills are in each cell
- disadvantages
- may be tension in cells or between ells if competition
- huge investment in machinery for each cell
- disadvantages
- the production of items are organised into groups and then teams are set at workstations and see the product through to completion. workers with different skills are in each cell
- job production
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- productivity is how efficient the worker is
- production is the amount we make per workers per hours
- efficiency is producing a level of output where average cost is minimised
- methods of production
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