P1 OCR ( physics)
- Created by: Abi_xx
- Created on: 27-04-14 17:40
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- Physics (P1) The Earth in the Universe
- Waves
- Longitudinal eg. Sound
- Particles vibrate backwards and forwards about the normal position
- Particles move backwards and forwards in the same plane as the direction of wave movement
- Transverse eg. Light and Water ripples ( all E.M waves )
- Particles vibrate up and down in its normal position
- Particles move up and down at 90 degrees to the wave movement direction
- Disturbance patterns that transfer energy without matter
- Features
- Amplitude : maximum disturbance caused by a wave
- Wavelength : distance between 2 corresponding points on 2 adjacent disturbances
- Frequency : Number of waves produced in 1 second ( Hertz, Hz)
- Travel
- Constant speed : increased frequency = decreased wavelength
- Decreased frequency = increased wavelength
- Constant frequency : decreased wave speed = decreased wavelength
- Increased wave speed = increased wavelength
- Longitudinal eg. Sound
- The Earth
- Processes as evidence of the Earth's structure
- Erosion
- erased traces of impact craters
- Rock layers (compacted sediment) produced by weathering and erosion
- Craters
- Moon full of impact craters from meteors
- Mountain Formation
- The Earth's surface would have been eroded to sea level if new mountains weren't being formed
- Folding
- A huge force over a period of time is needed to fold rocks in half
- Fossils (sedimentary rock)
- Rock radioactivity (measured by radioactive dating)
- Erosion
- Structure
- Thin Rocky Crust
- - Thickness 10-100km -Oceanic crust lies beneath the oceans -Continental crust forms continents
- Mantle
- - Extends almost halfway to Earth's centre - Has a higher density and different composition to rock crust - Very hot but under pressure
- Core
- - Accounts for > Earth's radius -Decay of radioactive elements releases energy keeping interior hot -Made of nickel and iron with liquid outer and solid inner parts
- Thin Rocky Crust
- Tectonic Plates
- Float on Earth's mantle and can move apart, towards or past each other
- Lines where plates meet called boundaries. Usually where volcanoes, earthquakes and mountain formations occur.
- Earthquakes detected with instruments such as seismographs
- Produce P and S waves
- Earthquakes detected with instruments such as seismographs
- Processes as evidence of the Earth's structure
- The Universe
- Solar System
- Formed about 5000 million years ago
- Size: Sun, Planet, Moon, Comet, Asteroid Belt ( between Mars and Jupiter)
- Sun only 500 million yrs older than Earth
- Energy comes from nuclear fusion
- Approximatly 14000 million yrs old
- Distances
- Parallax
- Relative Brightness
- Light ( 300000km/s ) travels at high finite speeds
- Red Shift
- Radiation ( visible light, ultraviolet and infrared )
- Solar System
- Waves
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