Parental investement into upbringing
- Created by: Hannah Jeffery
- Created on: 01-03-15 10:24
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- Parental theory of investment
- Robert Trivers
- Parental investment is the amount of time , energy and effort put into the reproduction and upbringing of a child
- Maternal investment
- considerably greater than males
- limited supply of ova
- ova are 100 times bigger than sperm
- reproductive life is around 30 years
- large following pre-natal
- carried the growing foetus for nine months
- risks her own life
- uses her own nourishment 1000 calories
- risks her own life
- breast feeding
- for the first two years in the past
- left holding the baby and so has to be responsible for the babies up bringing
- carried the growing foetus for nine months
- why
- brain size has increased making child birth more risky
- the compensate childbirth happens earlier in the development of the child
- babies are more relatively immature
- altricial
- babies are more relatively immature
- the compensate childbirth happens earlier in the development of the child
- puts the importance of resources on the partner
- extramarital affairs
- find a man who has good resources but have someone whos got good genes' baby
- magazine survey of 2700 women
- Baker and Bellis estimated from results that 14% of the population were from extramarital mating's
- also receive additional social support
- risk of abandonment and mater retention strategies by current partner
- daly and Wilson
- extramarital affairs
- brain size has increased making child birth more risky
- considerably greater than males
- Paternal investment
- relatively small investment
- large amount of sperm that can me made in a short amount of time
- large life of fertility
- capable of many mating's in a short amount of time
- only limited by number of females
- only use of energy is in the conception of a baby
- but dunbar found that males do want to be involved in upbringing to ensure sucess
- cuckoldry
- important that they don't invest their resources into offspring that isn't their own
- make a greater investment than females in terms of resources, so more worried about infidelity
- Miller
- Anderson
- step fathers and fathers invested the same amount into their children
- men adopt children
- sexual and emotional jealousy
- buss believes this is a solution to avoid cuckoldry
- females are more worried about emotional infidelity because they could lose resources
- Buss et al with US students
- males more worried about sexual infidelity and females more worried about emotional infidelity
- then they looked physiological responses to infidelity
- arouses corresponded
- then they looked physiological responses to infidelity
- males more worried about sexual infidelity and females more worried about emotional infidelity
- evolutionary approach is reductionist
- rowe suggests that the explanation bases on gene success is limited
- personal and social conditions
- quality of relationship with mother
- characteristics of the child
- personality of the father
- personal and social conditions
- Belsky
- fathers whos parents had divorced affect their investment
- rowe suggests that the explanation bases on gene success is limited
- Shackleford found that grandmothers invest more
- Pashos found similar results with uncles and aunts
- relatively small investment
- non human species
- chimpanzees males only invest in conception
- suggests that human male investment has increased as we become more evolved
- Geher et al
- 91 non-parent undergraduates
- took part in a parental investment perception scale
- eg I believe im ready to raise a child
- Males showed a greater heart rate increase when thinking about parenthood
- men are biologically less prepared than females to deal with the issues of parenthood
- Robert Trivers
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